Transcript UNDP handbook for conducting technology needs

United Nations Development Programme
UNDP Handbook for conducting technology
needs assessments and
Preliminary analysis of countries’ TNAs
UNFCCC Seminar on the development and transfer on
environmentally sound technologies for adaptation to climate
change
Trinidad and Tobago, 14-16 June 2005
Yamil Bonduki
TNA Handbook
• Provides a framework to conduct a TNA from a climate
change and developmental perspective
• A process to prioritize technologies, practices, and policy
reforms to address mitigation and adaptation by
enhancing resilience and contributing to sustainable
development
• A “quick” reference to the key issues and considerations
to bear in mind throughout the TNA process
Structure of the Handbook
• Key activities involved in a TNA
• Distinctive issues and process (mitigation and
adaptation)
• Cross-cutting issues in each step of TNA
• Implementation from a proactive follow-up perspective
• Supporting information related to technological
resources
Intended outcomes of TNA
• National policy development: Government decisions to
integrate sustainable development and climate change
• Adaptation and mitigation inter-relation: Explore linkages
to formulate a comprehensive strategy for technology
transfer
• Project formulation: TNA process as a platform for the
formulation of specific technology transfer projects
• Technology transfer community: Consultation and
coordination among stakeholders to support
implementation process
Key activities in technology needs assessment
Activity 2: Identify technology
criteria for assessment
Activity 3: Prioritize sectors
and select key
technology(ies)
Activity 4: Identify barriers
(*)
and policy needs
Activity 5: Define and select
options
Activity 6: Prepare a
synthesis report
Implementation
actions
* note that Activity 4 (identifying barrier) is also a
cross-cutting issue
Cross-cutting issues
(Stakeholder engagement and barrier analysis)
Activity 1: Prepare initial
review of options & resources
TNA for mitigation and adaptation
• TNA for mitigation fairly straightforward: clear objective,
target specific, known GHG sources, substantive
experience in the field, wide range of technologies
available, continuous research and innovation
• TNA for adaptation more complex and challenging:
inherent uncertainty of impacts and vulnerability, site
specific, limited examples, long-term effects, broader
stakeholders (usually at community level), technology
implications not always evident, complex investment
decisions
Issues in identification of technology
needs for adaptation
• Emphasis on the most vulnerable sectors/areas
• Wide stakeholders involvement to identify priorities
• Linkages with other national priorities, e.g. poverty
reduction, biodiversity preservation, combating
desertification
• Addressing current climate risks and future impacts
• Identification of hard and soft technologies, including
know-how
Issues in identification of technology
needs for adaptation (cont)
• Extent of sector-specific vulnerabilities or hazards
• Indirect impacts on other sectors and socio-economic
implications
• Adaptive capacity of vulnerable sectors, populations
• Risks of implementing mal-adaptation options
• Potential of “soft” technologies to build resilience
TNA implementation actions and
opportunities
• Assessing financial and technical resources required
• Monitoring plan to asses progress and make
adjustments
• Building on potential synergies with existing relevant
initiatives
• Identifying ways to reduce barriers at different stages
• Ensuring continued stakeholders involvement
• Institutionalizing the process for sustainability
• Revising implementation plans as needed
TNA Handbook
• Available at our website: www.undp.org/cc
in English, French and Spanish
• Hard copies will be send to participants by
mail if so requested
UNDP preliminary analysis of
some TNA’ reports
Preliminary analysis of countries’ TNA
reports
• Fourteen country reports reviewed
• Most countries tend to be highly vulnerable to climate
change due to current socio-economic conditions and
reliance on natural resources
• GHG emissions are generally low but expected to grow
as a result of economic growth, improved quality of life,
and rise in energy demand
• Climate change a lesser concern in the face of more
urgent development priorities
Target areas of TNA studies
• Target areas appear to be based on national
circumstances as well as the capacity to conduct TNA
• Six countries addressed both mitigation and adaptation
• Eight countries addressed mitigation only
• One country addressed adaptation only
• Countries adopted a sectoral approach for their TNA
Approaches adopted for TNA studies
• Most countries began with a preliminary list of sectors
and technology options
• Base line information at the sectoral or national level was
taken into account in TNAs
• Socio-economic plans, development goals and GHG
emissions reduction potential were also considered
• Options were assessed and ranked using a matrix
approach on a set of pre-determined criteria
• Stakeholders were involved in the TNA in most cases
Prioritization criteria for technology
needs
• Commonly used prioritization criteria include:
–
–
–
–
Development benefits
Market potential
Environmental protection
Climate change protection
• Other criteria used include:
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–
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Contribution to MDG
Social acceptability and suitability
Institutional and organisational capacity
Policy criteria and potential of government support
Cost/benefit and risk/benefit analysis
Share of mitigation options by sector
Waste
Land-use and forestry 9%
6%
Energy
23%
Agriculture
14%
Industry
15%
Residential &
Commercial
17%
Transport
16%
Share of adaptation options by sectors
Systematic
observation
8%
Waste
5%
Land-use and
forestry
13%
Energy
10%
Coastal area
11%
Water resources
10%
Agriculture
28%
Health
15%
Non-technological options
• In addition to technological options, countries
also identified policies, regulations, standards
and codes
• Awareness raising and education were identified
as critical elements of the TNA
• Non-technological options needed to create an
environment conducive to the adoption of hard
technologies
Some lessons learned from TNA studies
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Development as the biggest priority
Lack of an enabling environment
Importance of capacity building
Importance of the role of the Government and the private
sector, including stakeholders and civil society
Cost as one of the highest barriers in technology transfer
Importance of existing policies, sectoral and national
Need to address cross-sectoral issues, including
linkages between mitigation and adaptation priorities
TNA to provide input for development of project
proposals
Some gaps in TNA reports
• Selection of sectors were not always clearly justified
• Not all countries provided the basis for the choice of
technologies
• Methodology of assessment was not always described
• Although most countries involved stakeholders, their
roles and contribution were not explained
• Not all countries identified barriers and capacity building
needs
• Follow-up activities usually not addressed