Transcript Herren, Hans Rudolf

Agriculture: Transforming Farming Systems for
Food & Climate Security & Sustainable Rural
Development
The new policy and institutional environment from
IAASTD to SDG’s
Hans R. Herren
Millennium Institute and Biovision Foundation
www.millennium-institute.org
[email protected]
UNFCCC Side Event with IFOAM, EDF, Millennium Institute & Biovision
15 November 2013
Overview
1. Agriculture and food systems: the changing policy
and institutional environment (WSSD 1992 to
2012)
2. The connection between agriculture, food systems
and climate change
3. Challenges and solutions for transformation of
global agriculture and food systems in support of
climate change mitigation and adaptation
From Rio 1992 to Jo‘burg 2002 to Rio 2012
(Rio+20) & Rome (CFS 39/40)
1992: Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEA)
• (UNFCCC); (CBD); (UNCCD)
2002: IAASTD
11: IPBES
2012: Governance, Institutions and Green Economy
(IAASTD implementation via CFS / national
assessments –sust. ag and food systems as entry
point
for the green economy)
2014: CFS 40: Post 2015 work stream
The IAASTD Reports presented the major
challenges and a viable way forward
• 842 million undernourished – 1.5 billion obese – 300
million diabetes type 2 cases, etc. => health problem
• The industrial food system
uses 10 kcal to
Infoprojects
produce 1 (empty) => energy problem
• The conventional food system is a major
part of the climate change problem
• Soil degradation, water shortages,
biodiversity loss underlie food insecurity =>
FCP: Farmer
Business as
natural resource problem
Communication
• Industrial agriculture has emptied the rural areas
instead of providing quality jobs => social problems
usual is not
an option!
Challenges and solutions for transformation of
global agriculture and food systems
• «Business as usual is not an option»
• Agriculture is the world’s largest user of land and contributor
to CC
• Predominant smallholder farmers
• Sustainable agriculture / Agro-ecology / OA incorporate:
– Economic dimension (e.g. jobs, sustainable production)
– Social dimension (e.g. health, empowerment of women)
– Envirionmental dimension (e.g. climate change, energy)
Need better informed policies
The way forward– agriculture and food
systems as part of the solution
• A fundamental shift in Agricultural
Knowledge Science and Technology and
=> agri-food system policies, =>
Infoprojects
institutions => capacity development
=> investments
• Paradigm change: transition to
sustainable / ecological agriculture
• An agriculture that addresses the multifunctionality
FCP: Farmer and resilience needed by
small-scale
and family farmers
Communication
• Need to use a systemic and holistic
approach / National multistakeholder
assessments (IAASTD)
6
Multifunctional agriculture...a must
livable
equitable
sustainable
viable
From Rio 1992 to Jo‘burg 2002 to Rio 2012
(Rio+20) & Rome (CFS 39/40)
1992: Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEA)
• (UNFCCC); (CBD); (UNCCD)
2002: IAASTD
11: IPBES
2012: Governance, Institutions and Green Economy
(IAASTD implementation via CFS / national
assessments –sust. ag and food systems as entry
point
for the green economy)
2014: CFS 40: Post 2015 work stream
Rio 2012 (Rio+20): The (Ag & FS) Future We
Want
• 111. We reaffirm the necessity to promote, enhance
and support more sustainable agriculture……., that
improves food security, eradicates hunger .......and
enhancing resilience to climate change and natural
disasters. …….
• 115. We reaffirm the important work and inclusive
nature of the Committee on World Food Security,
including through its role in facilitating countryinitiated assessments on sustainable food production
and food security……..
Low productivity
High productivity
…transformation path of agriculture and food
systems: the consumer feedback loop
Un-sustainable
Sustainable
.......everything is connected
.......everything is connected
Land Loss &
Flooding
Food Production
Health disasters
Land Loss
Energy Sector
Biofuels
Production
Life Sustaining
Calories per Capita
S
S
S
O
Petroleum Use for
Fertilizer
S
Famines
O
O
Calorie
Gap
Habitat
Conversion
S
S
O
S
R
S
Fertilizer
Demand
R
Toxic
Residue
O
O
O
S
Soil
Capacity
Soil Nutrient
Productioin
S
Soil Nutient
Consumption
Human
Births
Calories per
Capita
B
Acres in
Agriculture
Plant
Production
Plant
Calories
O
Soil
Salinization
O
Droughts
S
Plant
Consumption
S
Human
Population
S
Migration
Plant Calories for
Human Use
S
S
S
Variation in Rainfall
Pattern
Human
Deaths
S
O
S
S
Population
Density
S
B
Human
Population
S
S
Exposure to a Higher
Standard of Living
Plant Calories for
Meat Production
Irrigation
S
S
Water
Demand
Fresh Water
S
Global
Temperature
S
Pursuit of 1st World
Food Mix
S
Methane
Production
S
S
S
Global
Warming
Meat
Production
Meat
Calories
S
Meat
Consumption
Migration
… the numbers show it can be done
Indicator
Unit
Baseline
Green
BAU
Agricultural
production
Bn US$/year
1’921
2’852
2’559
Crops
Bn US$/year
629
996
913
Employment
M people
1’075
1’703
1’656
Soil quality
Dmnl
0.92
1.03
0.73
Water use
Km3 / year
3‘389
3‘207
4‘878
Land
Bn ha
1.2
1.26
1.31
Deforestation
M ha/ year
16
7
15
Calories for
consumption
Kcal/person/d
ay
2‘081
2‘524
2‘476
Source: UNEP Green Economy Report (2011)
Changing course in Global agriculture and
Food Systems CCGA
Goals
Sustainable agriculture through
coherent policy,
governance, role
models and civil
society support
Paradigm shift:
sustainable agriculture on the
international, re-gional,
national and local
levels
Food security and rural
welfare for small-scale
farmers and rural
communities
Changing course in Global agriculture and
Food Systems CCGA
Global
Level
Guidance on
Multistakeholder assessments
at CFS1
Sustainable
Development
Goals
National
Level
1CFS:
Multi-stakeholder
assessments
on
sustainable food production and food security
Committee on World Food Security
Action and Policies
conducive to implement
sustainable agriculture
16
..implementing via the policy changes (CCGA)
Multi-stakeholder Pilot Assessments (KEN/SEN/ETH)
After the MDGs...the SDGs (1)
• Goal:
Achieve food and nutrition security through
sustainable agriculture and food systems
m
• Target 1: End malnutrition and hunger in each of their forms,
so that all people enjoy the right to adequate food at all times.
• Target 2: Improve the livelihood of smallholder farmers and
other rural communities, in particular women and disadvantaged
groups, through access to productive resources and assets,
everywhere.
• Target 3: Achieve the transformation to sustainable, diverse
and resilient agriculture and food systems that conserve natural
resources and ecosystems, and realize a land-degradation neutral
world.
After the MDGs...the SDGs (2)
• Goal:
Achieve food and nutrition security through
sustainable agriculture and food systems
• Target 4: Minimize post-harvest and other food losses and
waste.
• Target 5: Ensure an open and equitable multilateral trade
system that promotes rural development and food security,
including by eliminating export subsidies, price dumping and
other forms of asymmetric trade practices, as well as mitigating
excessive food price volatility.
• Target 6: Establish inclusive, transparent, and equitable
decision-making processes on food, nutrition and agriculture to
accelerate progress towards food security and nutrition for all.
Thank you!
A future for all, naturally
Thank you
www.millennium-institute.org
[email protected]