Transcript The Tour of the Cell

List of Organelles
Cell Membrane
•
•
Structure that forms the outer boundary of the cell.
3 functions
–
–
–
Protection
Shape and support
Allows only certain materials to move into and out of the cell.
Cytoplasm
(not really an organelle)
•
•
Is the gel-like material inside the cell
membrane and outside the nucleus
Contains all the organelles
- Looking Inside Cells
Nucleus
• Cell’s control center,
directing all of the cell’s
activities.
• Inside the nucleus is
another structure known as
the nucleolus
– which makes ribosome
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• is a system of internal
membranes used for
synthesis of lipids,
proteins and transport
• Smooth ER has no
ribosomes and Rough
ER has ribosomes
attached to it.
Ribosomes
•
Small round structures that make proteins
- Looking Inside Cells
Mitochondrion
• Process Food to
Produce Energy in the
form of ATP
• Known as the
“powerhouses”
Golgi Apparatus and Lysosome
- Looking Inside Cells
Golgi Body or Apparatus
• Are stacks of
membranes-covered
sacs that package and
move proteins to the
outside of the cell.
• The packaging
organelles
• Remove waste or
deliver materials for
other parts of the
organism
Lysosomes
•
•
•
Digest waste and
worn-out cell parts as
well as break down
food
“Suicide Sacs”
When the cell dies the
lysosomes release
their chemical in
order to break down
the cell parts
Vacuoles
• Vacuoles in Plants are larger than in Animal
Cells. They store water and pigments as well
as other chemical substances.
Plant Cells
Cell Wall
•
the outer; non-living part
of a plant cell
–
–
Is a rigid structure outside
the cell membrane that
supports and protects the
plant cell
Made out of Cellulose
Chloroplast
•
•
Green structures
that contain
chlorophyll
Light energy is
changed into
chemical energy in
the form of a sugar
– Which is
photosynthesis
• Color and Label both the plant and animal cell. (remove the
centriole from the plant cell!!)
• Cut it out and glue to a index card on the blank side
• Write the functions of the organelles on the back side with the lines
• Animal – all the organelles including centrioles (might need use
your textbook! Page 175)
• Plant – write only Vacuole , Cell Wall and Chloroplast!
Cross Section of a Prokaryotic Cell
Please Color and Label: Cell Wall, Plasmid (DNA), Cell Membrane,
Flagella, Ribosome, Cytoplasm, Pili
• Cut it out and glue to a index card on the blank side
• Write the Similarities and Difference of Prokaryotic and
Eukaryotic Cells on the Lined Side of the Index Card.
Why Know This?
• Cellstissuesorgansorgan systems body
If something goes wrong at the cellular level then it can effect
the entire body.
Cyanide shuts down mitochondria = no energy = death
History of the Cell
• Robert Hooke (1665)-looked at dead cells and
coined the term cells
History of the Cell
• Anton Van Leeuwenhoek first to view live
cells- “Wee Beasties”
History of the Cell
Cell Theory
• Developed by Schledin, Schwann, and Virchow
- 3 Parts
1. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function
in living things.
2. All living things are composed of cells.
3. All cells come from preexisting cells.
Two Types of Cells
1. Prokaryotes
2. Eukaryotes
The First Cell
• Prokaryotes were the first organisms
– Pro=before karyote=kernel
• Bacteria are prokaryotes.
Prokaryote Characteristics
• All prokaryotes have the
following:
–
–
–
–
–
cell membrane
cytoplasm
ribosomes
cell wall
one piece of a circular DNA
called a plasmid
What bacteria don’t have
• nucleus
• membrane bound organelles
Eukaryotes
• Eu = true Karyote = kernal – refers to the nucleus
• Eukaryotes evolved after prokaryotes
prokaryotes appeared 3.8 billion years ago
eukaryotes appeared 1.5 billion years ago
• Types of Eukaryotes – Plants, Animal, Fungi, Protists
• Similarities, all eukaryotes have:
– Cell membrane
– Cytoplasm
– Nucleus
– Linear DNA
– Ribosomes
– Membrane Bounded Organelles
• Like Golgi Body, E.R. and Vacuoles (etc)
Microscopes and Cells
• Light Microscopes – can magnify up to
1000x
- Simple microscope - one lens
- Compound microscope – 2 lenses
working together
• Electron microscope – use a beam of
electrons to create images – can magnify
up to 500,000x
-Transmission – shows interior
features
-Scanning – shows exterior features
Light Microscope
Transmission Electron Microscope
(TEM)
Scanning Electron Microscope
(SEM)