Transcript Different levels of globalization

Ecological level of globalization
Ecology
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Ecology – science dealing with relations
between live organisms and their
environment
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Ecology – activity of social and political
movements toward the environmental
protection
Our right to „green world”
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Article 25:
„everyone has the right to a
standard of living adequate for their health and
well-being”
Major environmental problems of today
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Global warming
Acid Rain
Rain forrest destruction
Air pollution
Water pollution
Overpopulation
Hazardous waste
Ozone depletion
Globalization vs Environment
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ENEMIES? – the problems are caused by the
globalized economical actions and activities
of corporations
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FRIENDS? - only by globalized actions we
can fight the environmental problems
Globalization vs Environment
Only by globalized actions we can fight the
environmental problems:
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Conference on Environment and Development – Rio de Janeiro
1992
Convention on Climate Change – Rio de Janeiro 1992
Conference on Human Settlements – Habitat agenda and Agenda
21 – Istanbul 1992
International Conference on Population and Development – Cairo
1994
Protocol on Climate Change – Kyoto 1997
World Summit on Sustainable Development – Johannesburg 2002
Global efforts – UN efforts
1992 - United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change (192 countries)
Under the Convention, governments:
 gather and share information on greenhouse gas
emissions, national policies and best practices
 launch national strategies for addressing greenhouse
gas emissions and adapting to expected impacts,
including the provision of financial and technological
support to developing countries
 cooperate in preparing for adaptation to the impacts of
climate change
Global efforts – UN efforts
1997 Kyoto Protocol to the 1992 Convention
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The major distinction between the Protocol and
Convention is that while the Convention encouraged
developed countries to stabilize GHG (greenhouse gas)
emissions, the Protocol commits them to do so.
The Protocol requires developed countries to reduce
their GHG emissions below levels specified for each of
them in the Treaty. These targets must be met within a
five-year time frame between 2008 and 2012
Global efforts – UN efforts
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Kyoto Protocol will affect virtually all major sectors of
the economy, it is considered to be the most farreaching agreement on environment and
sustainable development ever adopted.
It must also be politically acceptable. Most of the
world’s countries eventually agreed to the Protocol,
but some nations chose not to ratify it  USA,
China, Poland...
Following ratification by Russia, the Kyoto Protocol
entered into force on 16 February 2005.
2007 UN Climate Change Conference in Bali
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brought together more than
10,000 participants, including
representatives of over 180
countries together with observers
from intergovernmental and
nongovernmental organizations
and the media
culminated in the adoption of the
Bali roadmap, which charts the
course for a new negotiating
process to be concluded by 2009
that will ultimately lead to a post2012 international agreement on
climate change (the Bali Action
Plan).
Annex to the Bali Action Plan
Sustainable Development – hard to
define – easy to critisize
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development that "meets the needs of the present
generation without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs." (UN Commission
on Environment and Development)
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socio-ecological process characterized by the fulfillment
of human needs while maintaining the quality of the
natural environment indefinitely
Environment vs Globalization
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„Green”
antiglobalization
movements
Blame globalized
economy and corporate
institutions for all the
environmental and
human problems
Hold undeniable facts...
Some of the environmental and
human arguments
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Climate change causes death of 160 000 people every
year
Within the next 50 years 1/3 of all the species will extinct
The 3 RICHEST PEOPLE in the world own assets that
exceed the combined gross national product of ALL
LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES and their 600 million
people.
On average, developing countries have one doctor for
every 6,000 people whereas industrialized countries
have one for every 350 people.
Important vocabulary
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Climate change
Global warming
Acid Rain
Air pollution
Sustainable
development
Environmental
proctecion
Gas emission