Transcript Climate Change & Communities - Malaysian Meteorological

Climate Change & Communities –
The Role of NGOs in the Last Mile
Jemilah Mahmood
National Seminar on Socio-Economic Impacts
On Extreme Weather & Climate Changes
Putrajaya, 21 June 2007
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Saijo, October 2004
Toyooka October 2004
Beijing July 2004
Fukuoka June 1999
Hue November 1999
Kathmandu July 2002
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Findings in Johor Field
Assessment and its implications
to long-term disaster reduction
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Background: Problems
• Excessive rainfall / changing rainfall pattern
• Impacts on different sectors
• Strong impacts on the production sectors
(related to farm and agriculture)
• Lack of recent experience of major
catastrophic floods
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Johor Field Trip (22 Feb 07)
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Key Issue 1: Climate Change
• Due to changing climate the rainfall
pattern and amount is changing
• Two major issues of climate prediction
– Scale: local level vs. regional
– Time: near future vs. far future
• Need to focus on Climate change
adaptation
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Key Issue 2: Community Participation
No community interface: The Last Mile
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Indonesian villagers damage tsunami warning siren
after it accidentally went off in Aceh
By: Associated Press JAKARTA, Indonesia -- Angry villagers stoned a tsunami warning siren
in Aceh province after it accidentally went off, triggering panic in the
region hardest hit by the 2004 killer waves, an official said Thursday.
Several false alarms in Kaju district early Monday sent thousands of
people fleeing to high ground before they were finally urged by police
to return home. Roads were clogged with motorbikes and cars for
more than an hour.
When another siren sounded in nearby Lhoknga later that afternoon,
frustrated residents threw rocks at its electrical panel, said Syahnan
Sobri of the local Meteorological and Geophysics Agency.
"It was too high up, so they stoned it," he said, adding that technicians
were being sent to the scene to survey the damage.
The 2004 tsunami killed some 230,000 people in 12 nations, almost half
of them in Aceh.
The country is establishing a nationwide tsunami warning system with
foreign funds, but not all of its coastline is covered.
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Key Issue 3: Environment
Perspective
• Flood and disaster is a product of interaction of
natural and human environment
• Disaster as a cause and environmental problem
as a consequence
• Environment as a cause and disaster as a
consequence
• Environment-disaster linkage is important
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Recovery related
investigation:
Livelihoods
Local Infrastructure
Local Organizational Structure
Psycho-social issues
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Long term risk reduction
investigation:
Environment
Land-use
Traditional Knowledge
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Indicative local needs
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Livelihood resilience
Drainage clearance, de-silting
Revival of traditional housing system
Awareness on do’s and don’ts
Psychosocial assistance capacity building
Stronger information flow at community level
Better understanding of water system, environment
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Need
To develop an integrated program on flood
risk reduction, which has:
A series of field practices in terms of
implementation
A strategy and policy implication in terms of
state and national level interventions
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SWOT (Preliminary) of Post-disaster situation
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Strength
– Strong community bond
– Basic infrastructure in position
Weakness
– Possible gap between research policy and its implementation
– Lack of community involvement in decision making and implementation
Opportunity
– Disaster event as a recent memory
– Community and government’s receptiveness
– Existing experiences of the country (MERCY Malaysia) and other parts of the
region (ADRRN)
Threat
– Sustainability of the initiative
– Should not be a recovery program, but a field laboratory of community initiatives
– Partnership and involvement of local institutions
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Framework of Action Program
Synergy
Implementation
Policy
Research
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Proposal: 3 year integrated
program
• Community based climate change adaptation and
implication to disaster risk reduction
• Community based interventions
– Findings linked to long term disaster preparedness and
risk reduction
– Findings linked to policy and strategy on disaster risk
reduction
– Findings linked to training and capacity building of
stakeholders
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Program Components
• Component 1: Initiatives in Johor
– Step1: Assessment: Scenario
– Step 2: Planning: Safer plan
– Step 3: Implementation: Action
– Step 4: Dissemination: Training
• Component 2: Training and capacity building
• Component 3: Action research and implication to
policy and field implementation
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Step 1: Assessment
• Development of risk scenario
– Analysis of climate change impacts
– Analysis of local risk and resources
– Participatory analysis
• Merging of scientific data with local
knowledge
– GIS data bases and simulation
– Community’s perception and knowledge base
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Step 2: Planning
• Participatory planning
• Local development plan
• Incorporation of risk scenario in
development plans
• Two aspects
– Safer community plan
– Safer production plan
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Step 3: Implementation
• Selected community based interventions,
which has direct relation to the climate
change adaptation and risk reduction
• Sector-wise small interventions
– Irrigation
– Health
– Education
–?
–?
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Step 4: Dissemination
• Documentation is the first step for dissemination
• Local dimension of information dissemination
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Information on climate and weather issues
Warning as a part of regular dissemination program
Agriculture related information
Cultural and socio-economic issues
• National and regional dimension of information
dissemination
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Implementing/Supporting
Partners
ADRRN:
SEEDS, BDPC
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Mercy
Malaysia
Kyoto
University,
Local
University
COMMUNITY
Related Depts:
Hydro, Met,
Irrigation, MKN,
etc.
National
Government
District/State
Government
District and State Governments
National Government and agency
Related departments (examples)
– Department of Meteorology and
Hydrology
– Department of Irrigation
– MKN (National Security Council)
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Universities in Malaysia
MERCY Malaysia as the field
implementing partner
Corporate sector
ADRRN (Asian Disaster Reduction
and Response Network)
– SEEDS
– SEEDS Asia
– Kyoto University
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NGOs in the Last Mile
• Civil society & NGOs are the bridge between
government and communities
• Role in building resilience of communities
through CBDRM activities
• Research and knowledge essential for
appropriate dissemination of information
• PARTNERSHIP & ACCOUNTABILITY is crucial
for the success of communities post disaster
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Questions/Comments?
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