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Climate-smart Agriculture in relation to REDD+ Peter Holmgren FAO 8 June 2011 Two Goals of Our Time 1. Achieving Food Security – – – 1 billion hungry Food production to increase 70% by 2050 Adaptation to Climate Change critical 2. Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change – – – ”2 degree goal” requires major emission cuts Agriculture and Land use = 30% of emissions.. ..and needs to be part of the solution A Sustainable Development landscape GLOBAL OBJECTIVES UNFCCC “Carbon” CBD “Species” Climate Biodiversity WSFS “Calories” +Human rights, Health, Trade, Education, ..... National -> International National -> Local LOCAL REALITIES Food Security Climate–smart Agriculture Climate-smart Agriculture Agriculture* that sustainably: • increases productivity • increases resilience (adaptation) • reduces/removes GHGs AND • enhances achievement of national food security and development goals ADRESSES MULTIPLE OBJECTIVES! *) FAO includes agriculture, forestry and fisheries sectors in the “agriculture” concept www Practices and Policies • Increased productivity and resilience and less emissions is the “win-win-win” • Often but not always possible • Some knowledge gaps • Multiple-objective policies needed – Success should not be determined through singleobjective measures (e.g. GHG emissions) – Single-objective actions should generally be avoided – Local actions should not be micro-managed through detailed accounting (proxy-based policies more efficient) Action examples Increase productivity (yields per area) under environmental and sustainability constraints Can help Food Security and Resilience Can help meet CC Mitigation Yes (yes) Reduce expansion of agriculture and sustainable forest management Yes Effective water use Yes (yes) Reduce losses in / more efficient agricultural practises Yes Yes Reduce losses in food processing and handling Yes Yes Improve agricultural markets and incentives Yes Yes (yes) Yes Carbon sequestration in vegetation and soil Combining Finance • What difference can climate finance make? 1600 0 Annual Annual EU Cancún REDD+ agriculture CAP Green Fund readiness investment finance Is Agriculture relevant to REDD+? 100 years in the Nordic countries What are we talking about? • Deforestation – Conversion of forests to other land uses, in most cases agriculture • Forest Degradation – Result of pressure on forest resources, very often caused by agriculture-related activities (fire, fuel, fodder, grazing, shifting cultivation) • Enhancing Forest Carbon Stock – Reversing forest degradation, and also potentially afforesting previous agriculture land The right REDD+ focus? No. ‘It’s the agriculture, stu...’ Relative importance of REDD+ International National REDD+ Mitigation Actions and Payments Other land use actions that generate income and food security Local Concluding remarks • Climate-smart agriculture is an approach that embraces multiple objectives in the agriculture sectors • Emissions addressed in REDD+ very often originate in agriculture-related activities • Success in REDD+ depends on measures taken in agriculture sectors