Transcript Classical Orchestra

Orchestral
Landmarks
Orchestral Landmarks
• Classical period (1750 – 1800)
• Late Classical (1800 – 1830)
• Romantic period (1830 – 1900)
• 20th Century (1900 – 2000)
Classical Orchestra
Kettle Drums
French Horns
Flutes
Trumpets
Clarinets
Oboes
Bassoons
Second Violins
Double Basses
Violas
First Violins
Cellos
Classical Orchestra
• Strings dominate the sound of classical music.
• Melody is in the violins.
• Woodwind fill out the
harmony (or if the play
the melody they
double the string parts).
Classical Features
• Balanced 2 or 4 bar phrases.
• Use of sequence, repetition and imitation.
• Major or minor tonality – very diatonic.
• Very clear pulse with little variation of tempo.
Classical Structures
Name
Movements
Ensemble
Notes
Overture
1
Orchestra
Suite
N/A
Orchestra
Introduction to ballet
or opera
Incidental music from
ballet or opera
Concerto
3
Soloist +
Orchestra
Symphony
4
Orchestra
Piano & violin
concertos were most
popular.
The Classical Symphony
•
•
•
•
First Movement
Second Movement
Third Movement
Fourth Movement
Brisk &
purposeful
Slower & songlike
Fairly fast &
dance-like
Fast & cheerful
First Movement – sonata form
Second Movement – ternary or variation form.
Third Movement – minuet or scherzo.
Fourth Movement – rondo, variation, or sonata
form.
The Classical Concerto
First Movement
Exposition
Second Movement
Development
Third Movement
Recapitulation
• Classical concerto is in sonata form.
• Cadenza – orchestra drops out and soloist
improvises to impress the audience.
Classical Composers
• Joseph Haydn (1732-1809)
• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791)
• Franz Schubert (1791-1828)
• Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827)
Classical or non-classical?
Recapitulation
Cadenza
Minimalism
Wagner
Melody in the strings
Balanced phrasing
Exposition
Schubert
Tone row
Dissonance
Concerto
Programme music
Classical or non-classical?
Cadenza
Balanced phrasing
Melody in the strings
Schubert
Exposition
Concerto
Recapitulation
Minimalism
Wagner
Tone row
Dissonance
Programme music