Transcript Programme Music

Orchestral
Landmarks
Classical or non-classical?
Recapitulation
Cadenza
Minimalism
Wagner
Melody in the strings
Balanced phrasing
Exposition
Schubert
Tone row
Dissonance
Concerto
Programme music
Classical or non-classical?
Cadenza
Balanced phrasing
Melody in the strings
Schubert
Exposition
Concerto
Recapitulation
Minimalism
Wagner
Tone row
Dissonance
Programme music
Orchestral Landmarks
• Classical period (1750 – 1800)
• Late Classical (1800 – 1830)
• Romantic period (1830 – 1900)
• 20th Century (1900 – 2000)
Late Classical (1800-1830)
• Beethoven increased the size of the orchestra (cymbals, bass drum,
triangle, three trombones, piccolo, double bassoon, lots of strings)
and even added a choir.
• Uses classical structures (symphony, concerto etc) but creates
tension and drama.
• Includes powerful themes (5th Symphony)
• Contrasting sections (brass against strings)
• Introduction of dynamic variation.
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• Rhythm drives the music forward.
.
Programme Music
• Usually based on a feeling, book, painting or
poem. Programme music tells a story.
• Creates pictures with sound (woody
clarinet/birdlike flute – tone colour).
• Orchestration was a key concern of Romantic
composers.
Romantic Revolution!
• Massive range of dynamics (ppp, sf, ppp in one
bar).
• Expression markings (dolce, amoroso, agitato etc)
• Frequent tempo changes (inc rubato)
• Changes in texture are commonplace
Romantic Structures
• Symphonic / Tone Poem – large, 1 movement
piece often using a single theme which
develops all the way through the piece.
• Incidental Music – played between the acts of
a play. Music reflects the action on stage.
Peer Gynt – Grieg (1875)
Classical Orchestra (30 - 40 players)
Kettle Drums
French Horns
Flutes
Trumpets
Clarinets
Oboes
Bassoons
Second Violins
Double Basses
Violas
First Violins
Cellos
Romantic Orchestra (70 players)
+Cymbals
+Triangle
+Bass Drum
+ Tubular Bells
+Piano
+Tuba
+Piccolo
+Cor Anglais
+Double Bassoon
+Harp
+Bass Clarinet
+Saxophone
Romantic Orchestra
• Any instrument could have the melody or a solo.
• Valves in brass instruments led to extended parts.
• Introduction of a conductor.
• Sections of the orchestra were
treated like ensembles.
Nationalist Music
• Some composers used dance rhythms or folk
melodies from their countries.
• 1812 Overture – Tchaikovsky
A Liszt of some Romantic Composers
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Liszt
Johann Strauss II
Tchaikovsky
Richard Strauss
Verdi
Wagner
Schumann
Chopin
Berlioz
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Smetana
Brahms
Dvořák
Grieg
Rachmaninoff
Sibelius
Homework!
• Revise information on the
Classical period.
• Log in to Yaca Paca
• You have one attempt to complete
the task – make it count!