Transcript The Romantic Period

1820 - 1900
The period of music from approximately 1820-1900.
It is the period in music after the Classical period.
Composers began to look for more freedom in their music. They
incorporated powerful and intense expressions of emotion, often
revealing their innermost thoughts, feelings and sufferings.
Beethoven (1770-1827) – German composer.
Towards the end of his life, he wrote Romantic
music, often expressing anger and sadness –
his feelings as he became deaf.
Beethoven was responsible for bridging the
gap between the Classical and the Romantic
eras.
The orchestra grew in size in the Romantic period:
Classical orchestra – about 60 -70
players.
Romantic orchestra – up to 120
players.
Strings
Violins
Viola
Cello
Double Bass
Brass
French Horns
Trumpet
Woodwind
Flute
Oboe
Clarinet
Bassoon
Percussion
Timpani
STRINGS –
Many more players were added.
The harp joined the orchestra.
Again, there were more players.
Instruments such as the piccolo, cor anglais, bass clarinet and contra
bassoon were added.
The piccolo is the highest pitched woodwind instrument. It is half the
size of a flute and plays notes an octave higher. The piccolo uses the
same fingering as the flute. As well as in orchestras, piccolos can be
heard in wind bands and other ensembles.
The Brass section became much more important.
The trombone and tuba joined the orchestra.
Many more percussion instruments were added.
There was now a wide varirty of tuned and
untuned percussion including xylophone, tubular
bells, gong, bass drum and cymbals.
All the major forms from the Classical period were still used in the
Romantic period:
• Symphony
• Concerto
• Opera
How does this compare to a classical symphony?
Things to think about–
• Harmony
• Melody
• Dynamics
Hector Berlioz (1803 –1869)
was a French Romantic
composer, best known for
his compositions
Symphonie
fantastique and Grande
messe des morts (Requiem).
Rubato is a rhythmic concept which is a common feature of the
music of the Romantic period.
Rubato translates as ‘robbed time’ which mans the music will speed
up and slow down in order to allow for expression, therefore there
will not be a strict tempo maintained.
Video
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Means song
Refers to works for solo voice and piano in the
Romantic era
o Both these instruments had the same importance
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Text is in German
Can be strophic, or through composed
STROPHIC


The term applied to songs in
which all verses or stanzas of
the text are sung to the same
music.
Most modern pop songs are
in strophic form.
THROUGH
COMPOSED


The term applied to music that
is relatively continuous, nonsectional, and/or nonrepetitive. A song is said to be
through-composed if it has
different music for
each stanza of the lyrics.
An example of a pop song that
is through composed is
Queen’s Bohemian Rhapsody.
Identify the following:
Strophic
Leider
Through composed
Voice:
Modulation
Vamping
Rubato
Compound
Perfect cadence
Trill



This is term borrowed from a style
of painting in which the images
were blurred and hazy.
Claude Monet for example was
more concerned with the effects of
light on an object rather the an
exact picture.
Early 20th Century Impressionist
composers, such as Claude Debussy
(1812 – 1918), attempted to
incorporate the same vague, hazy
feelings into their music.
Garden in Giverny by Claude Monet
o
o
o
o
Melodic –Use of scales such as whole- tone, pentatonic, modal & chromatic.
Harmonic -Discords (often 9th or 13th) in parallel motion.
Rhythmic -Often vague, fluid rhythms, no clear sense of pulse.
Structural -Although carefully contrasted, the effect is of no clear-cut
outlines.
o
o
Timbre - Colourful use of contrasted orchestral and instrumental sounds.
Style/Form -Often programmatic or descriptive.
Claude
DebussyL’Apre
s-Midi D’un
Faune

A musical form made from recordings of musical instruments, voice,
and the natural environment as well as those created
using synthesizers and computer-based digital signal processing.
Also, compositions in this idiom are not restricted to the normal
musical rules of melody, harmony, rhythm, metre, and so on.
Pierre
Schaeff
er Apostro
phe
Pierre
Schaeffer«Etude aux
chemins de
fer »


A development in the second half of the 20th century where
music is based on repeated patterns of notes, e.g. several
ostinati played at the one time.
Often based on simple rhythmic and melodic figures which
are constantly repeated with very slight changes each time.
Six
Marimb
as Steve
Reich
JAZZ FUNK


a subgenre of jazz music characterized
by a strong back beat (groove),
electrified sounds and an early
prevalence of analog synthesizers. The
integration of funk, soul,
and R&B music and styles into jazz
resulted in the creation of a genre
whose spectrum is quite wide and
ranges from strong jazz improvisation
to soul, funk or disco with jazz
arrangements, jazz riffs, and jazz
solos, and sometimes soul vocals.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_U
DYwWqBnd8
SOUL MUSIC


a popular music genre that
originated in the United States in
the 1950s and early 1960s. It
combined elements of AfricanAmerican gospel music, rhythm
and blues, and often jazz. Soul
music became popular for dancing
and listening in the United States.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=r1nNdTyDZEs