Transcript PEOPLES’ FRIENDSHIP UNIVERSITY OF RUSSIA ENVIRONMENTAL

PEOPLES’ FRIENDSHIP UNIVERSITY OF RUSSIA
ENVIRONMENTAL DEPARTMENT
Degree Work Thesis :
Analyzing the Problem of Extension of the
Kyoto Flexible Mechanisms after the First
Commitment Period
Mironova Ekaterina
Supervisor of studies: Prof. Sidorenko S.N.
Doctor of Chemical Sciences
Moscow
2011
• Object: the Kyoto Protocol and its flexible
mechanisms
• Study purpose: Data systematization and
analysis of the problem of extension of the Kyoto
flexible mechanisms after the first Commitment
Period of the Kyoto Protocol in 2012.
Formulated problem
1. To systematize the available data on the basic provisions of the
Kyoto Protocol.
2. To analyze the Kyoto flexible mechanisms .
3. To examine and analyze the process of Joint Implementation
Projects in Russia.
4. To make a conclusion about the current affairs of the Kyoto flexible
mechanisms extension.
5. To work out some recommendations on the new International
Agreement on Climate Change .
The Kyoto Protocol
• 11 December 1997 – the adoption of the
Kyoto Protocol
• 16 February 2005 – entry into force
greenhouse gases
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Carbon dioxide
Methane (GWP – 21)
Nitrous oxide (GWP – 310)
Sulphur hexafluoride (GWP – 23900)
Hydrofluorocarbons (GWP – 140-11700)
Perfluorocarbons (GWP – 6500-9200)
Сommitments
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European Union – 8 %
Japan and Canada – 6 %
Eastern Europe – 8 %
Russia and Ukraine – 0%
The average reduction is 5.2% from the1990
levels by the year 2012
Flexibility Mechanisms
• Article 17 – International Emissions Trading
(IET)
• Article 12 – Clean Development
Mechanism(CDM)
• Article 6 – Joint Implementation (JI)
Joint Implementation Projects market
1. Russia – 58 %
2. Ukraine – 16 %
3. Bulgaria – 7 %
4. Czech Republic – 1 %
5. Rumania – 2 %
6. Poland – 5 %
7. Hungary – 1 %
8. Estonia – 2 %
9. Latvia – 1 %
10.Lithuania – 5 %
11.Slovakia – 1 %
12.Germane – 1 %
Potentially, the Russian JIP market accounts for 58% of the world one
Possible scenarios
The first commitment period for the Kyoto Protocol ends
in 2012.
The question now is what comes next?
1. The second commitment period.
Supporters : developing countries such as China, India,
Brazil
2. A new legally binding agreement
Supporters : developed countries such as Japan, Russia,
Canada
Top-ten emitters
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China – 17%
United States – 16%
European Union-27 – 11%
Indonesia - 6%
India – 5%
Russia – 5%
Brazil – 4%
Japan – 3%
Canada – 2%
Mexico – 2%
recommendations:
1. To follow the National Allocation Plan.
2. Developing country Parties have to recognize
the National Allocation Plan as international
commitments.
3. Developing countries have to come to
agreement with industrialized countries and to
make a compromise.
recommendations:
4. To consider the new International Agreement on
Climate Change as a legally binding agreement.
5. To keep the increase in the global average
temperature below 2 degrees Celsius.
THANK YOU FOR ATTENTION!