Transcript IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON SECTORS AND OPTIONS …

WORKSHOP ON INTEGRATING CLIMATE
CHANGE AND DISASTER RISK
REDUCTION INTO VOCATIONAL
EDUCATION AND TRAINING
IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON FISHERIES SECTOR AND
OPTIONS FOR ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION IN
VANUATU
Jason Raubani
Vanuatu Fisheries Department
IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON
FISHERIES SECTOR IN VANUATU
• Coral and habitat destruction
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–
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Cyclone
Increase SST
Sea level rise
Run-offs
Coral bleaching and other climate change related activities
• Acidification (acidity affect formation of calcium shells
and bones of marine resources)
• Movement and displacement of pelagic species i.e. tuna
• High rainfall
• Ciguatera (warmer waters increase risk)
Tuna Fisheries
Projected effects on skipjack tuna
Catch in 2009
2000
2050
Source: Lehodey et al. (2011)
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1.75 million tonnes
~ USD 2.2 billion
Effects due to:
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Increases in sea surface
temperature in eastern Pacific
•
Shift of prime feeding areas to the
east (convergence between the
Warm Pool and Pacific Equatorial
Divergence Province)
Effects on skipjack tuna catches
West (average) A2
East (average) A2
2035
2050
2100
A22035
2050
2100
~ +10%
0%
~ -20%
+35-40%
+40-45%
+25-30%
Changes relative to 19801999 average catch
Coral Reef and Coastal Fisheries
Projected effects on coral reef fish
Today
2035 (-2 to -5%)
Effects due to:
2050 (-20%)
2100 (-20 to -50%)
•
Increased sea surface
temperature and more
frequent bleaching
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Ocean acidification
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Cyclones of greater
intensity
Greater runoff of
nutrients due to higher
rainfall
Freshwater fishery
Effects on freshwater fish catch
2035
2050
2100
+2.5%
+2.5 to
+7.5%
+2.5 to
+12.5%
Effects due to:
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•
•
Increased air temperature
Higher flow rates
Increased freshwater
habitat
Aquaculture
Coastal aquaculture commodities
• Pearls
2035
2050
2100
• Shrimp
Effects due to:
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Increased sea surface
temperature
• Seaweed
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Ocean acidification
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Sea-level rise
Marine
ornamentals
Greater runoff of
nutrients
More-intense cyclones
Pond aquaculture commodities
• Tilapia
a)
b)
2035
2050
2100
Effects due to:
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Increased surface air
temperature (faster
growth rates in ponds)
•
Higher rainfall (more
places to build ponds)
Summary of changes in production
Resource
West
2035
Freshwater fisheries
Aquaculture
*Fish in ponds
*Other commodities
2100
2035
Negligible
Tuna
Coastal fisheries
2050
East
Negligible
Negligible
2050
2100
ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION OF
CLIMATE CHANGE IN FISHERIES
• Rehabilitation and restocking program of shell fish
• Increase access to tuna for subsistence fishers with
low-cost, inshore Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs)
• Promote alternative fisheries or employment for
fishers
• Store and distribute tuna and bycatch from
industrial fleets to urban areas
• Develop pond aquaculture
• Promote storage facilities and Post harvest
techniques to minimize wastage of resources
• Awareness programs
References
http://www.spc.int/climate-change/fisheries/assessment/