Transcript Folie 1

Technische Universität München
PhD proposal:
Potential of urban forests to provide fuelwood for
residents in african cities
Florian Renner
(Dipl. Ing. forestry sciences)
Supervisor: Stephan Pauleit
Content
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Technische Universität München
CLUVA context
Ecosystem services of urban forests
Research background
Main objectives
Research questions
Specific objectives
Study area(s)
Task flow
Status quo
References
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CLUVA context
Technische Universität München
WP 2: Vulnerability and Risk assessment
4 Tasks:
2.1 Vulnerability of urban structures and lifelines
2.2 Vulnerability and adaptation potential associated with urban ecosystems
2.3 Assessing social vulnerability
2.4 Multi-risk models
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Task 2.2: overview
Technische Universität München
The specific objectives of this Task are:
 to analyse, quantify and map important ecosystem services of the urban
green structure that increase the resilience of African cities to climate
change;
 to assess the impacts of climate change on urban green structure & its
ecosystem services; and
 to evaluate the prospects for urban green structure as a measure for
adapting African cities to climate change.
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Ecosystem services of urban forests
Technische Universität München
Ecosystem services delivered by urban forests (adapted from TEEB Manual for
Cities 2011)
1. Provisoning services: food, raw materials (i.e. wood, biofuels, NTFPs),
water, medicinal resources
2. Regulating services: local climate and air quality regulation, carbon
sequestration and storage, moderation of extreme events, waste-water
treatment, erosion prevention
3. Habitat or supporting services: habitats for species, maintenance of geneti
diversity
4. Cultural services: recreation and mental and physical health….
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Research background
Technische Universität München
 Importance of wood as source of energy:
– about 90% of harvested wood in Africa is used as fuelwood (world
about 47%; FRA 2010)
– more than 90% of household‘s energy demand supplied by biomass
(GTZ 2009)
– collection of fuelwood is often time- and cost intense
– commercial harvesting of wood often not sustainable
– purchase of energy efficient cooking appliances mostly too expensive
for the poor population (Edwards and Langpap 2005)
 urban utilization of fuelwood rarely examined in Africa, yet
(Gebreegziabher 2011)
 increasing demand for wood through population growth (4-5% p.a.; UNHABITAT 2005)
 impacts of climate change on forests in urban areas?
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Main Objectives
Technische Universität München
 Contribute to availability and accessability of base data and
literature for ecological questions in urban areas of Africa
 To highlight the value and importance of ecosystem services in
urban areas
 To enhance the resilience of urban green infrastructure in Africa
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Research questions
Technische Universität München
 What are urban forests in Africa?
 How important is urban forestry and its provisioning service
„wood“ for the residents?
 What risks are resulting for urban forestry from urban growth?
 What is the impact of climate change on the urban forest stand
growth?
 How and where could the resilience of urban forestry be
enhanced?
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Specific objectives
Technische Universität München
 To estimate the urban forest cover in different case study cities
(for now Dar es Salaam)
 To utilize UMTs and land cover analysis to characterize urban
forests
 To develop a method to derive urban wood supply from forest
cover (lc-analysis, FAO approach)
 To calculate the urban fuelwood demand and estimate the
contribution of urban forests to urban fuelwood supply
 To calculate urban forest growth based on previous volume
estimations
 To identify the impacts of climate change and urbanization on
forest growth as risk and vulnerability factors
 To identify potential forest regrowth areas
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Study area(s)
Technische Universität München
 For now Dar es Salaam
 Further case study cities appreciated (depends on data
availability, i.e. aerial images, UMT maps and social data)
Addis Abeba?
Dar es Salaam !
Ouaga?
Douala?
St. Louis?
Maps of Tanzania, Ethiopia (wikipedia.org, 04/2012)
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Task flow
Technische Universität München
tasks
Outputs
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• Characterization of urban forestry in Africa (based on UMTs
and surface cover analysis)
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• Quantification of provisioning services of urban forestry for
timber growing stock (FAO approach)
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3b.
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• Analysis of fuelwood demand (social-empiric investigation)
• Growing anthropoghenic fuelwood requirements (due to
increase in population)
Classified and
characterized
urban forestry
types
Urban timber
potential
Factors of
vulnerability to
urban forestry
• Impact of climate change on stand growth (literature review)
Main goal: Resilient urban forestry
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Status quo
Technische Universität München
 methodology to estimate standing timber volume elaborated
 Contribution to UMT mapping of Dar es Salaam
 First analyses of surface cover in different UMTs in Dar
Next steps:
1. To finalyse surface/tree cover assessment in Dar
2. To apply timber volume estimation method
3. To validate results in Dar
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References
Technische Universität München
 Edwards, J.H.Y., and C. Langpap (2005): Startup Costs and the Decision to
Switch from Firewood to Gas Fuel. Land Economics 81(4):
 FAO (2010): Global Forest Resources Assessment 2010 – Main Report
 Gebreegziabher, Z., et al. (2011): Urban energy transition and technology
adoption: The case of Tigrai, northern Ethiopia, Energy Econ. (2011),
doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2011.07.017
 GTZ (2009): Renewable Energies in East Africa Regional Report on Potentials
and Marktes – 5 Country Analyses; Energy-policy Framework Papers, Section
»Energy and Transport«
 TEEB – The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (2011): TEEB Manual
for Cities: Ecosystem Services in Urban Management. www.teebweb.org
 UN-HABITAT (2005): Urbanization Challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa; United
Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT): Nairobi, Kenya
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