Transcript Presentation Title, Defused light 32 point Presentation Title

How sustainable are our
sports facilities?
Dr Iain James
Senior Lecturer
Centre for Sports Surface
Technology
Cranfield University
[email protected]
Sustainable
facilities
Environmental
Sustainable
sport
sustainability
Key themes
Environmental
Sustainability
• Resource consumption
• Water
• Pollution
• Habitat
• Climate change
• Mitigation
• Adaptation
Sustainable Sport
• Participation
• Revenue generation
• Expenditure
• Facilities
• Quality of surfaces
• Durability of surfaces
• Tenure
UKCP Climate
change
projections for
2080s
All areas of UK warm, summer more than winter
(SE England up to +4.2°C)
Very little change in annual precipitation totals...
Western UK +33% increase in winter precipitation
Southern England -40% decrease in summer precipitation
Source: UKCP09 Briefing Report June 2009 from
ukclimateprojections.defra.gov.uk
Reacting to
climate change...
Reacting to climate
change (preferred
model)
Adaptation
Mitigation
Reducing GHGs
GHG Balance
GHG Emission
Aeration
Trees
Other
vegetation
Spraying Fertiliser Irrigation Soil
GHG Sequestration
Turf
Mowing
Modelling
greenhouse gas
emissions
CO2e
Data
Aeration
Treees
Other
vegetation
Spraying Fertiliser Irrigation
Soil
Turf
Mowing
CranTurfC
Model
Greenhouse gas
emissions in
g CO2e /m2/y
Carbon Footprints
for Golf Courses
Parkland Golf Course
- 430 ± 90 g CO2e m-2 y-1
Parkland Golf Course
(without trees)
70 ± 20 g CO2e m-2 y-1
Links Golf Course
0 ± 20 g CO2e m-2 y-1
Winter wheat (UK)
242 g CO2e m-2 y-1
Proportion annual abstracted volume (%)
0.15 m3 round-1
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Water footprint
for Spanish
Golf Club
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Nov
Dec
Rodríguez-Díaz, J.A., Weatherhead, E.K., García Morillo, J., and
Knox, J.W. (2010). Irrigation and Drainage (in press).
Rodríguez-Díaz, J.A., Weatherhead, E.K., and Knox, J.W. (2007).
Irrigation and Drainage, 56(5):541-549.
On the subject of
footprints...
Water footprint for the
Parkland Course
6-12 m3 round-1
Case study: The
Sustainable Cricket
Project
Funded by ECB Places
With: Dr Andre Daccache, Dr Jerry Knox, Dr Keith
Weatherhead, Andy Carmichael
Aims
• Develop a ‘Climate’ strategy for adaptation and
mitigation of:
• Future climate projections
• Current climate variations
• Provide advice and guidance to clubs to achieve the
‘win-wins’ from reducing resource consumption and
better preparedness.
Irrigation need
(max potential
soil moisture
deficit)
Climate
Clubs with PSMD
max > 200 mm
%
Current
978/7064
13.8
2030
3519/7064
49.8
2050
5047/7064
71.4
Based on UKCP09 50% scenario
1961-1990
(Current benchmark)
2030
2050
Benchmarking
survey
• Conducting structured interviews at clubs in:
• Essex/London (dry)
• Worcs/Warwks (experience of flooding)
• South West (high rainfall, warm)
• Wales (high rainfall, warm)
• North East (high rainfall, cooler)
• At each location:
• 1 x county ground (CCC)
• 1 x premier league (PL)
• 1 x small club (SC)
• 2 x intermediate clubs (IC)
Water use
• 14/16 clubs (surveyed so far) use mains potable water for irrigation
• 3/16 abstracting water for irrigation
• Grounds water use (10-20% of total water use):
• 1 – 25 m3 y-1 (SC/IC)
• up to 250 m3 y-1 (PL)
• 10 times this where outfields are irrigated
(similar to a golf course irrigating tees and greens)
• Only 3 clubs have ever stopped watering due to water restrictions
(1976)
• Clubs insensitive to current water costs
Mains water
stress
Stress
Clubs
%
Low
2012/6807
29.5
Moderate
2150/6807
31.6
Serious
2645/6807
38.9
Not classified
257/6807
3.8
70%
Abstraction
resource stress
Stress
Clubs (7064)
%
Water available
1784
25.3
No (summer)
water available
2300
32.6
Over licensed
1064
15.1
Over abstracted
1048
14.8
Not assessed
62
0.9
Not classified
806
11.4
Water storage is
key.
• Total rainfall is not changing – distribution is.
• Need to store water from excess winter rainfall
• Investment in water storage capacity for winter
abstraction
• Water harvesting
Drought not the
only problem
Photograph from: Worcs CCC (www.wccc.co.uk)
Flooding
• 5/16 clubs surveyed to date affected by flooding
• Flooding only affects insurance of 3/16 clubs
• Clubs experiencing regular flooding appear well adapted
(but there are limits)
• Only 1/16 clubs have a documented flooding procedure.
Flood risk
No
%
Risk
269
3.8
Significant (>1:75)
239
3.4
Moderate (1:75-1:200)
276
3.9
Low (1:200-1:1000)
6282
88.9
Not mapped (<1:1000)
(7066)
Adaptation
• Typically clubs are fundraising to survive not to
invest.
Premier League
Small Club
Cost of cricket
£750 /mbr
£142 /mbr
Fees & subs
£200 /mbr
£54 /mbr
Shortfall
£550 /mbr (73%)
£88 /mbr (62%)
Shortfall funded by:
• Sponsorship (including donations)
• Fundraising
• Bar revenue and functions
 limited capacity to
adapt
Initial thinking
How can clubs
generate more
revenue so they
can invest?
e.g. more functions = more bar revenue?
Alternative model
How can clubs
cut costs to
fund
investment?
Costs
• 25 – 45% of costs on grounds
• 13 – 30% of costs on energy
Reduce impact (mitigation)
Cut input costs
Improve balance sheet
Invest (adaptation)
Cutting energy
costs
• Q: Are your energy bills going up?
• A: Yes!
• Q: Is this because of price inflation or consumption?
• A: Not sure...
• Q: Would you consider adaptation such as insulation
to reduce consumption?
• A: Yes but cannot afford cost...
Facilities survey
• Majority of building stock from 1960s-1980s.
• Designed for use in summer
• Difficult to heat cheaply, difficult to insulate...
• Common to find cricket clubs on the flood plain
Scales of
adaptation
Cranfield CC
Flood and Water
Management Plan
Planning &
management
Energy saving
lighting
Machinery
replacement
Building a flood wall
Cost
Integration of environmental
and sport sustainability
Environmental
Sustainability
• Resource consumption
• Water
• Pollution
• Habitat
• Climate change
• Mitigation
• Adaptation
Sustainable Sport
• Participation
• Revenue generation
• Expenditure
• Facilities
• Quality of surfaces
• Durability of surfaces
• Tenure
How do we
achieve this?
• Strategy at ECB level
• Strategy at club level
• Education:
• Helping clubs analyse current practice
• Signposting information & resources
• Providing guidance (Cranfield/ECB)
• Providing training/reinforcement (IOG/ECB)
Summary
• Sport needs to adapt and mitigate to effects of:
• Current climate
• Future climate
• Other challenges (resource shortfalls, population
increase)
• Case study of how cricket are doing this reveals close
relationship between environmental and sporting
sustainability
Future sports
facilities?
• Fewer, more intensively used facilities
• Greater sharing among clubs
• Alternative funding models
• Smaller resource footprints
(carbon, water, minerals, chemicals)
• Greater participation?
• Increased population
• Participation = health and social well being (for now)
• ‘Better’ summer weather?
How sustainable are our
sports facilities?
Dr Iain James
Senior Lecturer
Centre for Sports Surface
Technology
Cranfield University
[email protected]
Carbon foot-printing golf with
CranTurfC
From: Bartlett MD, James IT. A model of greenhouse gas
emissions from the management of turf on two golf
courses. Science of the Total Environment
600
GHG Sequestration (-) or Emission (+)
g CO2e /m2/y
400
200
0
-200
Tees
Fairways
Greens
-400
Soil respiration
Aeration
Mowing
Irrigation
Fertiliser
Pesticides
-600
-800
-1000
C-Sequestration
-1200
Rough
Trees
Other
Other factors
Source: DCMS Climate Change Plan 2010-2012