Transcript Slide 1

The Cloudy and Hazy World Seen by
Steve Schneider
V. Ramanathan
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
La Jolla, California
Schneider Symposium
Boulder, Colo, Aug 25, 2011
Earth Radiation Budget Experiment: { Joined Team in 1975}
Originally proposed by Suomi; the Expt awarded to NASA-Langley
Ramanathan, Barkstrom and
Harrison, Physics Today, 1989
 5Wm
2
238
99
341
Ramanathan, Barkstrom and Harrison, Phys Today, 1989
Kim and Ramanathan, 2006
-49
-31
-66
-66 SCHNEIDER, 1972
37
37, SCHNEIDER, 1972
Clouds switch from cooling to warming at
high Latitudes in winter
SCHNEIDER,1972
SCHNEIDER,1972
Ramanathan et al: 1989; 1995; 2006
The Copenhagen Accord for Limiting Global Warming:
Criteria, Constraints and Available Avenues
Ramanathan and Xu, Submitted to PNAS, 2010
A Grand Climate Change and Mitigation Experiment
Providing Clean Cooking and Lighting Technologies
and documenting their impacts on Air pollution, Climate
Forcing, Health Exposure Indoors and outdoors
V. Ramanathan and the Surya Team
November 14 2006
December 21 2001
Deposition of BC on Snow
Melting of Glaciers
500,000 deaths from indoor Smoke
Intense Atmospheric Solar Heating:
Melting of Glaciers;
Disruption of Monsoon
Millions of Tons of crop damages
More than 60% of BC emissions
Is from biomass burning
Dimming of Surface:
Decreasing evaporation;
Decreasing Monsoon Rainfall
NASA-MODIS
Ramanathan 2007
Eliminating Cooking Smoke can have dramatic Impact on Air Pollution & Climate
Ramanathan and Carmichael, 2008
2000 to 2005, as is
2000-2005 Without BC from Cooking
Simulated Column Black Carbon
The Game Changer : Cookstove Climate Mitigation Potential
Global (Annual Values):
CO2 Released
Black Carbon (40 Yr GWP)
CO (Ozone Precursor)
: 1 B Ton (WB-2011)
: 1 B to 4 B Ton CO2
: ??
Regional (S Asia) Fuel wood(344); Crops(76); Dung (75) Tg/Yr
Himalayan Glaciers Retreat
Monsoon Decrease (7%)
Precipitation effncy
Crop Damages
Water Security
: 30%
: 60%
: ??
: 5 Mt of Rain fed Rice Alone
: ?????
We need to Reduce CO2 emissions by 20 B Tons/Yr by 2050
to limit warming to 2C. Will Cost $46 Trillion from now
to 2050 (IEA)
What is Surya: A Climate Change Science, Health
& Sustainability Experiment
Pilot Phase:
485 households
Demonstration Phase:
>10000 households
EOS-Satellites
Indoor and Outdoor BC
Surya Observations
Rehman et al, ACPD 2011
Normalized Abs Coefft
Why the Brown Color?
Wavelength (nm)
Over S. Asia, the simulated BC is a factor of 3 to 10 Lower
Seasonal Variation in BC Concentrations: Comparison with Climate Models
Simulated
Ganguly et
Al, 2010
Simulated
Menon et al, 2010
Diurnal variation of seasonal mean BC concentration at SVI_1 village centre
(VC).
Have Identified the Technology that reduces BC emissions
Kar et al, 2011
How Deep Does the Soot aerosols Penetrate?
NASA-CALIPSO Data
OCT to NOV
DEC to FEB
March to May
Monthly mean LIDAR extinction profiles (532 nm) from CALIPSO for the grid (26–27N
and 80–82E) for post-monsoon, dry and pre-monsoon seasons, respectively. SVI_1 is
located within this grid.
Monitoring Stove BC Emissions Using Mobile Phones
Innovations
• $500 per unit, ultra low
Micro-Pump and Filter
power.
• Low-tech: works with any
camera cellphone.
• Real-time reporting.
Filter, placed on
reference template
Picture sent
to server
Results sent
back via SMS
25 mm
N Ramanathan, et al,
Atm Environment,
2011
25
Indoor and Outdoor BC
Surya Observations
Rehman et al, ACPD 2011
Normalized Abs Coefft
Why the Brown Color?
Wavelength (nm)
Ground Based Observations
Outstanding Problems that are within the scope of Surya
Translating Knowledge
Into Action
C
Grand
Climate
Change
Expt
Air Pollution
& Health
Impacts
Energy
Technologies
SURYA
Sustainability
Science
Implementation
Diffusion
Adoption
Wireless data
collection on
massive scale
Humanenvironment
Interactions