Transcript Black and Tan Fantasy 2

Black and Tan
Fantasy 2
Duke Ellington
Learning Objectives
 To revise our knowledge of the origins of jazz music and find
influences of earlier jazz styles in the Black and Tan Fantasy
Origins of Jazz
 African slave songs – from late 18th century
 Negro spirituals – 1850s
 Call and response
 Blues – late 19th century
 Slow and melancholy
 12 bar blues
 Blue notes
 Syncopation
 Ragtime – 1890s
 Piano
 Scott Joplin
I
I
I
I
IV
IV
I
I
V
V
I
I
Other common variants
Lost your head blues
The birth of Jazz
 New Orleans Style / Dixieland – 1910s
 Cornet, clarinet, trombone popular
 Collective improvisation
 12 bar blues sequence still common
 Louis Armstrong
 Big Band – 1920s
 Swing Jazz – 1930s
 Music for dancing
 Glenn Miller
 32 bar changes become more common
Later styles of jazz
 Bebop – 1940s
 Fast and very complicated, lots of improvisation
 Heavy use of extended chords
 Smaller groups; for listening not dancing
 Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie
 Cool Jazz – late 1940s
 More understated and laid-back
 Miles Davis!
 Modal Jazz – 1950s
 Uses modes for improvisation rather than changes
Chronology
When
C18-19
1850s
Late C19
1890s
1910s
1920s
1930s
1940s
Late 1940s
1950s
Style
Slave songs
Negro spirituals
Blues
Ragtime
New Orleans Jazz
/ Dixieland
Big Band
Swing Jazz
Bebop
Cool Jazz
Modal Jazz
Artists
Bessie Smith
Scott Joplin
Louis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
Glenn Miller
Charlie Parker, Dizzy Gillespie
Miles Davis
Miles Davis
Influences
 What influences can you
find of
 Blues
 Ragtime
 New Orleans style
Jungle Style (Instrumentation)
 Heavy drums, low saxophone textures and, most
characteristically, the growling sound of Bubber Miley’s
plunger-muted Trumpet
 This ‘growl’ effect is produced using a combination of
 straight mute
 a ‘gargling’ noise in the throat
 plunger mute to shape the sound
 The ‘dark’ sonorities used, and the focus on the individuality of
the improvised solo sections, are all typical of Ellington’s
mature style
True or False?
 This piece features collective improvisation
 The 12-bar blues sequence is used throughout
 The use of trumpet mutes is common in the 1920s
 The Black and Tan fantasy was written specifically for the
performers in this recording
 The music suggests that Duke Ellington was optimistic about
racial integration in the USA