Transcript History of the Internet

Where Did It All Begin?
 The World Wide Web began at CERN in Geneva,
Switzerland
 In one of the largest scientific laboratories in the world.
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The laboratory was called CERN (Counseil European Pour la
Recherche Nucleaire – European Laboratory for Particle
Physics)
What is the Internet?
 The Internet is the worldwide, publicly accessible
network of interconnected computer networks that
transmit data by packet switching.
 It is a "network of networks" that consists of millions
of smaller domestic, academic, business, and
government networks, which together carry various
information and services, such as email, online chat,
file transfer, and the interlinked Web pages and other
documents of the World Wide Web.
What does WWW stand for?
 WWW = World Wide Web
 The Internet and the World Wide Web are not
synonymous: Web is actually something that is
available via the Internet
 The Internet is a collection of interconnected computer
networks
 The Web is a collection of interconnected documents,
linked by hyperlinks and URLs.
What is a Network?
 Network - two or more computers that are connected
for the purpose of sharing information
 LAN
 A local area network (LAN) is a computer network covering a small
area, like a home, office, or small group of buildings.
 Computers that are near each other.
 WAN
 A wide area network or WAN is a computer network covering a
broad geographical area.
 The most well-known example of a WAN is the Internet.
What is ARPANET?
 First network developed in early ’60’s and ’70’s by
scientists and military experts
 Allowed them to share information and research data
over long distances
 An experimental network designed to see how well
distributed networks work
Connecting to the Internet
 Modem - A MO-dulator DE-Modulator.
 Converts digital information to analog and analog to digital.
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Analoglike sound waves
Digitalsignal in 1s and 0s
 Types of Modems
 Telephone - designed to modulate a data signal over the
telephone
 DSL - designed to modulate a data signal over the telephone
using new technology to increase transmission speed
 Cable Modem - designed to modulate a data signal over
cable television
Analog & Digital Information
 Analog - Like sound waves, a computer cannot read
them.
 Digital - 1s and 0s. Computer Language
What is an ISP?
Internet Service
Provider
 A service company that
provides a user with an
account on a host
computer to have access
to the Internet
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ISPs
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Comcast
AOL
MSN
Netzero
Earthlink
Qwest
People PC
Navigating a in the Web
What is a Browser?
 Software which allows you to view information and
Web Pages on the WWW
 Different browsers can have radically different
capabilities and limitations
Viewing the Internet
 Types of Browsers
The Parts of a Browser
 Title Bar
 Shows the title of the open Web Page and the name of
the Browsers.
More parts of a browser
• Address Bar:
It’s where you type the address of the
web page you want to visit
Address Bar
More parts of a Browser
 Tabs:
 View multiple sites in a single browser window
 Instant Search Box
 allows a quick search of the Internet
More parts of a Browser
 Toolbar
 Shows the icons for moving around the Web Page.
 Favorites
 add favorite websites or sites you frequently visit
More parts of a Browser
 Status Bar
 Shows the progress and loading status of the website
Toolbar & Buttons
 Home
 Quickly takes your back to your default homepage
 Print
 Print the website you are viewing
 Page and Tools icons
 Allows access to additional options such as toolbars,
history, etc.
Where is the Webpage?
 The webpage come after the toolbar and it is where the
information is located
Uniform Resource Locator
 URL – Uniform Resource Locator.
 A URL can be thought of as the address of a web
page
 Parts of a URL
 Transfer Protocol
Filename
Domain Name
What is a domain?
 The group that website or email address belongs to.
 It tells where the address is located i.e. .com; .edu; .gov
 The name that is to the right of the last dot in the
Internet address
 www.yahoo.com
 [email protected]
Some common domains….
 .COM -- Commercial
 .EDU -- Educational
 .NET -- Network
 .GOV -- Government
 .ORG – Non-Profit Organizations
 .INT -- International
 .MIL -- Military
Navigating the Internet
 Search Engine - is a program designed to help find
information on the World Wide Web,
 They locate and isolate desired information by searching
for keywords that the user specifies.
 Examples of Search Engines
 Google
 Yahoo
 MSN
 Ask Jeeves
 Dog Pile
Common Internet Terms
 Surfing - the term we use when exploring the Internet
 Hit - the term used when you connect to the page you
are looking for
 Link - allows you to jump from one site to another
 Email - the type of mail sent over the internet
 Chatting - talking with someone on the internet.
Often called Instant Messaging
Internet Language & Communication
 HyperText Markup Language (HTML)
 The coding scheme used to format text for use in
developing Web Pages on the WWW
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<b>
<p>
<img src=HTTP://www.sony.com>
<a href=HTTP://www.sony.com
HTML
From code to web page
HTTP
HyperText Transfer Protocol
 The transmission standard used to send an HTML
document across the WWW
 Ensures reliable connections between many
different computer types
 A common set of standards that ensures all
computers connected to the Internet will have
common ground on which to work
The Internet & You
 Netiquette - the rules of behavior on the internet
 Privacy - There is NO privacy on the Internet. All visits
to websites are tracked using cookies and logs
 Passwords can help protect your information on the
Internet
What is Shareware?
 Software that you can obtain for free on a trial basis
 May require some payment for continued use
What is Freeware?
 Software that is distributed at no cost to the user
 The author maintains the copyright
 Basically: Software that is copyrighted but can be used
freely
What is Public Domain?
 Software that is NOT copyrighted
 It can be copied or used freely
 Basically: Public Property
Pop-ups
 Pop-ups - Unwanted advertisements on the web
 Pop-ups usually come from downloading “free” software.
 Some companies give you software for free as long as
they can put SPYWARE on your computer and monitor
where you go on the internet.
What Are Firewalls?
 A Hardware or software blocking mechanism that
block unauthorized intruders into a computer system
 Blocks potential hackers from your invading your
computer or your network.
 Any computer that is connected to the internet should
have a firewall
Other Internet Stuff
 User Friendly – A term used when a program or
website can be used with ease by people who have little
or no computer experience.
Acceptable Use Policy
 An Acceptable Use Policy (AUP; also sometimes
acceptable usage policy) is a set of rules which
outline the ways in which the network may be used.
 You all signed and AUP in order to gain access to the
school network
 You have signed a contract to take care of the computer
equipment – No
exceptions!
Boolean Operators
 Locating specific information on the Web has become
difficult because there are so many documents on the
internet.
 Search engines allow you to look for information based
on key words
Query
 A query is a question posed to a computer
 It is a method of filtering data
Boolean Logic
 Boolean logic was invented by a man named George
Boole, who was a nineteenth century mathematician.
 Boolean operators are based on a simple Yes or No
ranking system
 The primary operators are AND, OR, and NOT
Boolean logic “OR”
 This search locates articles that are about either jazz or
blues, or hat compare both forms of music.
Count the records (dots) retrieved
by this search:
Jazz set
Blues set
Jazz and Blues
21
20
32
Every record in the jazz or blues
set contains at least one of the
search terms jazz OR blues.
 Be aware that many web search engines have an
implied OR rather than AND.
Boolean Logic “AND”
 Keyword search for: jazz AND blues. This search locates
articles that discuss or compare both jazz and blues.
Count the records (dots) retrieved by this
search:
Jazz set
Blues set
Jazz AND blues
21
20
9
The result of this search is Jazz AND
Blues, the intersection of the jazz set and
blues set. Every record must contain both
jazz and blues.
 Some databases and search engines assume Boolean “AND”
between adjacent words.
Boolean Logic “NOT”
 This search excludes records that contain the term
blues
Count the records (dots) retrieved by
this search:
Jazz set
Blues set
Jazz not blues set
21
20
12
The part of the jazz set that does not
contain records in the blues set is
retrieved as the jazz not blues set.
 NOT is appropriate when a word is used in different
contexts. (i.e. Vikings not Minnesota)
Boolean Logic
 Sometimes it’s easier to narrow a search by specifying
what you are NOT looking for.
 Use AND to Narrow your search
 Use OR to broaden your search
 Use NOT to narrow your search
 Use “ “ to group words or phrases together
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http://www.knowledgecenter.unr.edu/instruction/help/booltips.html
Boolean Logic
 Some search engines use the + symbol which works
the same as the AND operator, the minus – symbol
works the same as NOT, and a comma works the same
as or.
 Search is a process of trial and error
 It’s better to spend a little time narrowing down your
search than visiting every website.
 Some search engines, such as “Google” have implied
Boolean Operators already set up in the browser