Transcript Adaptation strategies - Economics Web Institute

Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions
and their relevance
to SEE and Turkey
Valentino Piana
Budapest, 10th March 2010
The Economics Web Institute
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Works quoted e.g. by World Bank, EU Parliament,
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Selected field of expertise
Macroeconomic advice
Industrial and regional economics
International trade and financial integration
Sustainable development
30 economists from 15 countries have teamed up
to elaborate “Innovative Economic Policies for
Climate Change Mitigation”, which can be used as
input for Nationally Appropriate Mitigation
Actions.
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Contents
1. The Copenhagen Accord: the positive elements
2. Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs): an overview
3. The advantages of adopting NAMAs in the region
4. NAMAs in national planning
5. The process of devising NAMAs and obtaining international support
6. An evaluation of the existing NAMAs
7. A MOSAIC strategy for NAMAs in SEE countries and Turkey
8. Next steps
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1. The Copenhagen Accord: the positive elements
The Accord will test the effectiveness of an approach focused on immediate actions and
verification of commitments, through alternative moves from all countries (bottom-up
approach). It can fail and under-deliver but it is worth trying. In particular, CA is characterized by
the following elements:
1. All major GHG emitting countries involved, generating specific pledges from 73 countries that together
account for more than 80 per cent of global emissions from energy use
2. “Operational immediately”
3. 30 billion dollars committed by developed countries for the first three years
(of which 2.4 billion euros committed by EU countries yearly 2010-2012)
4. A steep rising pathway of funding up to 100 US billions in 2020, where the sources will be studied
by a High Level Panel (co-chairs and members already chosen)
5. Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions by non-Annex I countries both unilateral and “seeking
international support” in terms of technology, funding and capacity-building (art. 5)
6. Technology Mechanism selected, linked to NAMAs (art. 11)
7. Annex I Kyoto Protocol parties “further strengthen” their commitments (art. 4)
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2. Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs): an overview
NAMAs are schematic texts submitted to UNFCCCC Secretariat by national focal points, to be collected
in Appendix II of CA and in a special Registry (if looking for support).
The 32 countries that have presented official NAMAs before 7th March 2010 have interpreted
“Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions” in a wide range of ways:
* carbon-neutrality declaration;
* economy-wide commitments of reducing emissions in percentage with respect to a baseline
of Business-as-Usual trajectory;
* absolute reductions of CO2eq emissions;
* sectoral preferential directions of development;
* specific goals and actions;
* localized projects with specified technical parametres.
The geographical distribution of NAMAs is the following:
Africa: 13
Asia: 12
Europe: 2
Latin America: 3
Oceania: 2
NAMAs have demonstrated to be sectoral (according to emission sectors or economic sectors) and
cross-sectoral. In terms of sectors: forestry is mentioned in 22, renewable energies in 19,
transport in 19, agriculture 14, waste 12, building 5.
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3. The advantages of adopting NAMAs in the region
By submitting well-crafted NAMAs, SEE non-Annex I countries can achieve the following
goals:
* be recognised as a pro-active partner of EU and an early mover in sustainable development
and the fight to climate change;
* obtain relevant and rising shares of the international funds for climate, including the
forthcoming Copenhagen Green Climate Fund;
* attract foreign private investments in clean energy, sustainable transportation,
manufacturing, and agriculture, tourism and other sectors of national relevance;
* nurture technological and organisational support for upgrading the national system of
innovation (including Universities and research centres) as well as the manufacturing
texture of firms;
* foster a low-carbon-emission growth plan and climate-change-related socio-economic
development interventions.
Similarly, Turkey can build upon its National Climate Change Strategy and the forthcoming
Action plans to expose unilateral actions and call for support.
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4. NAMAs in national planning
The EU 2020 Strategy,
MEF/G8/G20, UNFCCC
Low-emission development strategy (art.2 CA)
Accession Process / Acquis Communautaire
Climate Action Plans
(BAP six pillars: Shared Vision, Mitigation, Adaptation,
Technology, Finance, Capacity building), e.g. National Adaptation Strategy
NAMAs
NAPAs
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Local
Adaptation
Plans
….
5. The process of devising NAMAs and obtaining international support
In the country
International interface
Abroad
Analysis of existing and
forthcoming laws
and policies
Existing funds
Copenhagen Green Climate Fund
Mitigation potential
and international
best practices
Submission of NAMAs
to UNFCCC
Private investors
Technology / Solution providers
Economic mechanisms
of activation
Detail design
of measures
Research centres
NGOs
National stakeholders
Matching mechanism,
dynamics and events
Local stakeholders
Localisation and
implementation
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6. An evaluation of the existing NAMAs
Positive features
Wide variety
Usually reflecting the national
circumstances, existing laws and
policies
Fairly aware of international best
practices
Many sectors mentioned (e.g. energy,
transport, building, agriculture,
forestry, tourism,…)
Concise documents
Better than CDM as for broader
transformational potential
Negative features
Not clear the kind and features of the
international support looked for
No economic mechanism of activation
Not mobilizing the private investors
No legal guarantees for investors
No appeal to research centres and NGOs
Unexplored connection with the
Technology Mechanism
Often lacking CO2 reduction
quantification
Always lacking estimated costs, thus
also the cost per avoided ton of CO2eq
Transformational effects (e.g. green
jobs, competitiveness, tax revenue,...)
not expressed
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7. A MOSAIC strategy for NAMAs in SEE countries and Turkey
Solution
provider
Funder
NAMAs adoption
leader
Skeptical
Mobilizing
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8. Next steps
High Level
panel on
finance first meeting
29th March
UNFCCC
session in
April
UNFCCC
session in
May-June
G8/G20 in
Toronto launch of the
Copenhagen
Green Climate
Fund?
UNFCCC
session in
Sept/Oct ?
G8/G20 in
Korea
(November)
Further NAMAs submissions, updated NAMAs
communications, matching events
Regional Environmental Centre
capacity-building activities
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COP16
in Cancún
(Mexico)