Transcript No Slide Title

CLIMATE CHANGES ISSUES
AFFECTING IRISH INDUSTRY
Interim briefing 12 March 2003
Kyoto Five Years On
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Kyoto Protocol history in brief
Targets for EU countries
Protocol ratification – are we there yet?
How is EU doing?
How is Ireland doing?
Fiona Murray
Update on Negotiated Energy
Agreement Pilot Programme
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Introduction and context
Pilot project details
The role of audits
Progress and next steps
Peter Brabazon
Climate Change Measures
• What’s in store for Irish industry?
Brian Motherway
KYOTO - FIVE YEARS ON
Fiona Murray
12 March 2003
Contents
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Kyoto Protocol history in brief
Targets for EU countries
Protocol ratification – are we there yet?
How is EU doing?
How is Ireland doing?
History
• Oct 1990 EU committed to holding 2000 CO2
emissions to 1990 levels, formalised UNFCCC June
1992
• 1997 Kyoto Protocol to UNFCCC set up to control
industrialised countries’ emissions, EU responsible
for 24% GHGs
• “Burden-sharing” agreement aimed at ensuring EU
meets overall 8% reduction under Kyoto
• Expressed as legally binding percentage changes for
each country
Targets for EU and other major players
Country
Target (% change
from 1990)
Country
Target (% change
from 1990)
Austria
-13
Portugal
27
Belgium
-7.5
Spain
15
Denmark
-21
Sweden
4
Finland
0
UK
-12.5
Germany
-21
Australia
8
Greece
25
Canada
-6
Ireland
13
Japan
-6
Italy
-6.5
New Zealand
0
Luxembourg
-28
United States
-7
Netherlands
-6
Russian Fed
0
EU & Worldwide Targets
• What are the relative percentage
contributions from each player?
Total CO2 emissions of Annex 1 parties in
1990 (part 1)
Party
Emissions (Gg)
Percentage
Austria
59,200
0.4
Belgium
113,405
0.8
Bulgaria
82,990
0.6
Canada
457,441
3.3
Czech Republic
169,514
1.2
Denmark
52,100
0.4
Australia
288,965
2.1
Estonia
37,797
0.3
Finland
53,900
0.4
France
366,536
2.7
1,012,443
7.4
Greece
82,100
0.6
Hungary
71,673
0.5
Germany
Total CO2 emissions of Annex 1 parties in
1990 (part 2)
Party
Emissions (Gg)
Percentage
Iceland
2,172
0.0
Ireland
30,719
0.2
Italy
428,941
3.1
Japan
1,173,360
8.5
Latvia
22,976
0.2
Liechtenstein
208
0.0
Luxembourge
11,343
0.1
71
0.0
Netherlands
167,600
1.2
New Zealand
25,530
0.2
Norway
35,533
0.3
Poland
414,930
3.0
Portugal
42,148
0.3
Monaco
Total CO2 emissions of Annex 1 parties in
1990 (part 3)
Party
Emissions (Gg)
Percentage
171,103
1.2
2,388,720
17.4
Slovakia
58,278
0.4
Spain
260,654
1.9
Sweden
61,256
0.4
Switzerland
43,600
0.3
UK
584,078
4.3
United States of America
4,957,022
36.1
Total
13,728,306
100.0
Romania
Russian Federation
Rules for Ratification
• The rules for entry into force of the Kyoto
Protocol require 55 Parties to the Convention
to ratify (or approve, accept, or accede to) the
Protocol, including Annex I Parties accounting
for 55% of that group’s carbon dioxide
emissions in 1990.
(See Article 25 of the Protocol)
Ratification progress
• Dec 2002 Canada made 100th ratification
• Japan and EU already ratified
• Only now requires Russian Federation to
ratify to bring Protocol into force
• Australia and US have stated they will not join
If they ratify
If they ratify
Kyoto Mechanisms
• Joint Implementation – Emission Reduction
Units (ERUs)
• Clean Development Mechanisms – Certified
Emissions Reductions (CERs)
• Emissions Trading - Assigned Amount Units
(AAUs)
• The Registry system
EU Progress
• "The situation is now that the EU is
slightly less than half way towards
reaching the target, with just over half
of the time gone before the Protocol’s
first compliance period starts in 2008.“
Domingo Jiménez-Beltrán
EEA Executive Director
Dec 2002
Reported Progress
• EU reached CO2 stabilisation target despite upturn in
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greenhouse gas emissions
(reported mid-2002 for 2000 figures)
Total CO2 emissions from the 15 EU Member States
were 0.5% lower in 2000 than 10 years earlier
However, EU emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse
gases rose between 1999 and 2000
CO2 accounts for around 80% of the EU’s total
greenhouse gas emissions
In 2000 total EU GHG emissions stood 3.5% below 1990
level while in 1999 they had been 3.8% lower
Total EU Greenhouse Gas Emissions in
Relation to the Kyoto Target
Individual Country Progress
• How are EU members progressing
individually?
Greenhouse gas emission trends and Kyoto Protocol targets for 2008-2012
Distance-to-target (DTI) for EU Member States in 2000
(Kyoto Protocol and EU burden sharing targets)
Ireland’s Target
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By period 2008-20012
EU committed to reduction of 8% from 1990 levels
Ireland allowed increase of 13% from 1990 levels
“Do nothing” scenario projects increase to 37%
Already Ireland is over 29% above 1990 levels
Amongst worse three performers in Europe
Substantial penalties if target not met
Essential to arrest this continued growth and reverse
the process
Projected CO2 emissions (Green Paper)
+157%
+76%
+56%
+19%
Transport
Tertiary
Industry
Residential
+36%
Agriculture
2010
2005
2000
Ireland’s target:
+13% over 1990
1995
1990
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5
10
15
20
25
30
MTCO2E
35
40
45
50
Government Policy
• Green Paper on Sustainable Energy [1999]
• National Development Plan [2000 – 2006]
• National Climate Change Strategy [2000]
• Programme for Government [2002]
• Policy Drivers:
Environment
Kyoto
Market
Liberalisation
Security of
Supply
Targets for
RE & CHP
Competitiveness
LIEN contribution
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If LIEN members had not
implemented energy
saving projects;
• Energy consumption would
have been 285 GWh
higher in a “business as
usual” scenario
• In environmental terms,
this is equates to a savings
of 120,000 tonnes CO2
KYOTO - FIVE YEARS ON
Fiona Murray
12 March 2003