Transcript Slide 1

Topic A1. Wetlands in the UNFCCC Processes
Randy Kolka and Daniel Murdiyarso
Topic A1. Slide 2 of 23
Outline
 Introduction
 UNFCCC Processes
• Started from RED, REDD, and
REDD+
• Workshops
• Submissions
• Interventions
 Wetlands in the UNFCCC
 Summary
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UNFCCC Bodies
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UNFCCC Processes
 Follow the Guide
 The Participants
 Parties
 Observers (IGOs, NGOs)
 Media
 The Sessions
 The Procedures
 Documents (INF, MISC, TP, L, CRP,
IDR, Add, Rev, Corr)
http://unfccc.int/resource/process/guideprocess-p.pdf
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Submission to the UNFCCC
 Can be from an individual or
group of Parties
 Consider the call by the COP’s
President, SBSTA/SBI or
Secretariat
 Meet the deadline
 Make a reference to the COP
decisions or related matters
Quantified Emission
Limitation or Reduction
Objective (QELRO)
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Intervention in the UNFCCC’s COP
 Can be from a delegation or
Party or group of Parties
 Attend the discussion or
negotiation of the itemized
agenda
 Prepare necessary interventions
 Make a reference to the
submitted position
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In Montreal’s COP
 The governments of Papua New Guinea and Costa Rica,
supported by 8 other Parties, through their submission
FCCC/CP/2005/MISC.1, requested for this issue to be taken up on
the agenda
 The agenda item on “Reducing emissions from deforestation in
developing countries and approaches to stimulate action”,
known as RED was first introduced into the COP11 in Montreal
(Dec 2005)
 The COP established a contact group on this item which drafted
conclusions on initiating a process to address the issue of
reducing emissions from deforestation (RED)
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Avoided deforestation
was excluded
 Deforestation results in immediate release of the carbon
originally stored in the trees as CO2 emissions, particularly if the
trees are burned and the slower release of emissions from the
decay of organic matter.
 According to the FAO (2005), deforestation, mainly conversion of
forests to agricultural land, continues at an alarming rate of
approximately 13 million hectares per year (for the period 1990–
2005).
 The IPCC WGIII (2007) estimated emissions from deforestation in
the 1990s to be at 5.8 Gt CO2/yr.
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The Bali Action Plan
 Four building blocks:
•
•
•
•
Mitigation: incl. REDD
Adaptation: risks & disasters mgt
Technology transfer
Financial mechanisms
 Two tracks - AWG
•
•
LCA (UNFCCC)
KP (Kyoto Protocol)
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REDD Readiness phase
 WB-FCPF
 UN-REDD
 Bilateral arrangements
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REDD and REDD+
REDD
Conservation
SFM
Source: Pedroni (2009)
ECS
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The core idea of REDD+
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Example:
Potential REDD+
Projects
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Copenhagen Accord



The collective commitment by
developed countries is to provide
new and additional resources –
including forestry – ca. USD 30
billion for the period 2010 – 2012
In the context of meaningful
mitigation actions, developed
countries commit to a goal of
mobilizing jointly USD 100 billion a
year by 2020
A significant portion of such funding
should flow through the
Copenhagen Green Climate Fund.
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Cancun Agreement: Phased approach
 REDD+ national strategy:
follow UN-REDD and WB FCPF
processes
 National REL/RL:
Sub-national REL/RL is accepted
while taking care of domestic
leakage
 MRV to be established:
to demonstrate additionality
that includes environmental and
social safeguards
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Example: Phase Approach in Indonesia
• Strategy Development
Phase 1
2010-2012
• Establishment of REDD+ Task Force
• Development of National REDD Strategy
• Development of National Action Plan
• Readiness and Early Action
Phase 2
2012-2014
• Setting REDD+ Infrastructure
• Setting enabling conditions
• Designing Pilot Project
• Implementation
Phase 3
2014-2019
• Integrate REDD+ into medium-term
development plan
• Contribution of VER from REDD+
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RED, REDD and REDD+
Workshops
 First RED Workshop, Rome – Sep 2006
 Second REDD Workshop, Cairns – March
2007
 Methodological issues, Tokyo – June
2008
 REDD+ MRV, Washington DC – Sep 2008
 Biodiversity safeguards, Nairobi – Oct
2011
 Financing options, Bangkok – Aug 2012
 Results-based finance for the full
implementation of the activities , Bonn,
August 2013
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Wetlands in the UNFCCC
Invitation to the IPCC to organize an expert meeting on methodological work
related to reporting when using the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National
Greenhouse Gas Inventories
The expert meeting should explore the need and ways to clarify, improve and provide
updated information, as appropriate, related to, inter alia: Information in Ch. 7 on
wetlands, in particular the methodological guidance in those areas for which gaps are
identified in Table 7.1 of Ch. 7 and gaps related to some uses of wetlands which are
currently not fully covered, for example the drainage of wetlands, the rewetting of
previously drained wetlands or wetland restoration;
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Wetlands: part of the
AWG-KP
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

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

Proposed by Iceland in 2008 in AWG-KP 6 in
Accra
To mitigate CC through restoration and
management
Wetlands cover about 6% of the Earth’s area,
with peatlands covering about half of them.
Degraded peatlands cover less than 1% of
the global land surface
Emission from degraded peatlands is well
above 3 Gt CO2 annually (5.8 Gt CO2 from
tropical deforestation)
The problem is large but concentrated and
may therefore be easier addressed than
many other emissions sources.
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Wetlands: can be part of
NAMA
•
Nationally appropriate mitigation actions
(NAMA) was started of from the Bali Action
Plan building blocks
•
Followed up in Copenhagen Accord as Parties
seeking international support will be recorded
in a registry and subject to international
measurement, reporting and verification
processes
•
Depends on country’s circumstances and in
accordance with common but differentiated
responsibilities and respective capabilities
•
PoA under CDM may be the future NAMA
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Summary
 Parties and observers ought to follow the UNFCCC
processes related to their concerns and
interventions
 The process of a single item, like wetlands, can take
a very long time
 Tropical wetlands are key ecosystems for climate
change adaptation and mitigation
 They are consistently and continuously discussed
under the UNFCCC
 They are also accepted by a wide range of global
initiatives
 Wetland restoration and management are
potential for CC mitigation and adaptation
Topic A1. Slide 22 of 23
References
Climate Change Secretariat. 2002. Guide to the Climate Change Convention Process, Preliminary 2nd Edition. Bonn,
Germany: UNFCCC.
[FAO] Food and Agriculture Organization. 2005. Global Forest Resources Assessment 2005, Progress towards sustainable
forest management. FAO Forestry Paper Vol. 147. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
[IPCC] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 2007. Climate change 2007: Mitigation. Contribution of Working Group
III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. In Metz B, Davidson OR,
Bosch PR, Dave R, Meyer LA (eds). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Pedroni L, Dutschke M, Streck C, and Porrúa ME. 2009. Creating incentives for avoiding further deforestation: the nested
approach. Climate Policy 9: 207–220.
[UNFCCC] United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. 2005. FCCC/CP/2005/MISC.1.
[UNFCCC] United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. 2007. Bali Action Plan. Decision -/CP.13. United
Nations Convention on Climate Change. Bonn, Germany: Climate Change Secretariat.
[UNFCCC] United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. 2007. FCCC/CP/2007/6/Add.1.
[UNFCCC] United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. 2009. Copenhagen Accord. Available at
http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2009/cop15/eng/l07.pdf.
UNFCCC. 2011. Decision 1/CP.16. The Cancun Agreements: Outcome of the work of the Ad Hoc Working Group on
Long-term Cooperative Action under the Convention. Bonn, Germany.
UNFCCC. 2012. FCCC/SBSTA/2010/L.12
Thank you
The Sustainable Wetlands Adaptation and Mitigation Program (SWAMP) is a collaborative effort by CIFOR, the USDA Forest Service, and the
Oregon State University with support from USAID.
How to cite this file
Murdiyarso M and Kauffman B. 2015. Tropical wetlands for climate change adaptation and mitigation [PowerPoint presentation]. In:
SWAMP toolbox: Theme A section A1 Retrieved from <www.cifor.org/swamp-toolbox>
Photo credit
Daniel Murdiyarso/CIFOR, Faizal Parish/GEC, M. Edliadi/CIFOR, Nanang Sujana/CIFOR, Ricki Martin/Bobo, Ryan Woo/CIFOR, Sigit Deni
Sasmito/CIFOR, The World Bank