Transcript Introduction to the Human Body

Introduction to the Human Body
Earliest anatomical studies occurred on live
humans and animals called vivisection
thousands of years ago.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
An oil painting of an animal vivisection on a live
dog.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Leonardo da Vinci created 750 anatomical
drawings from corpses from 1489-1515.
Anatomical research in the past hundred years has
taken advantage of technological developments
and a growing understanding of the sciences.
What will you learn in your lifetime?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Levels of Organization
• This is just 1 version of the levels and are ordered
from the simplest level to the most complex.
• Organelles
• Cells
• Tissues
• Organs
• Organ systems
• Organisms
• Populations
• Communities
• Ecosystems
• Biosphere
intro to human body Stop at 3:07
Levels of Organization - Cells
• The smallest living part of an organism.
• One kind of cell makes one kind of tissue.
– Only hair cells can make hair tissue.
– Only nerve cells can make nerve tissue.
– Only sweat gland cells can make sweat gland tissue.
• Many organisms have many different kinds of cells
because they have many different kinds of tissue.
• The human body is made of 100 trillion cells all
working together. 100,000,000,000 cells
• Unicellular organisms (those with only one cell) require
that their organelles keep them in homeostasis. No
tissues or organs to do it for them!
Levels of Organization - Tissues
• Tissues are large groups of cells all doing the same job.
• Both plants and animals have different kinds of tissues.
• The different kinds of animal tissues are classified into
four groups:
–
–
–
–
epithelial tissue
connective tissue
nerve tissue
muscle tissue
The next 4 slides give examples of
the types of tissue. You DON’T need
to write them all down. We will
revisit them during each system.
Epithelial Tissue
• protects the body from injury and infection
• makes up the skin and the inner surfaces of
the body
• the surface of the lungs
• stomach lining
• intestinal lining
• blood vessels
Connective Tissue
• most numerous and widespread of all tissue
types in our body
• has the widest variety of functions (jobs)
• Supports our bodies
• Bone, cartilage, and fatty tissue are in this group
• strong and yet usually can
stretch to hold our bodies
together
• gives our bodies a frame
• The information networks for our
bodies
• Nerves send information from
one part of our bodies to another
• They have long branching
dendrites that connect one cell to
another
• Three types of muscle
cells are combined to
make the muscle tissue
group.
• All these muscle tissues
contract and relax.
– Voluntary muscles are
striated muscle tissue
– Smooth muscle tissue
makes involuntary
muscles.
– Cardiac muscle tissue
makes our hearts
Muscle Tissue
Levels of Organization - Organs
• Organs are groups of
tissues that work together
to do a job.
• Our skin is made of hair
tissue, oil and sweat gland
tissues, nerve tissue, blood
tissue, and many other
tissues to make the organ
called skin.
• Our eyes are made of
nerve tissue, blood vessel
tissue, muscle tissue, lens
tissue, pupil tissue, and
many more types of tissue
to make the organ called
eyes.
Levels of Organization - Organ System
A group of organs that work together to
perform a major function in a plant or animal.
The different types of organ systems
we will be covering this unit:
• Skeletal system- Supports and protects the body.
• Muscular system- Enables movement of the body and internal
organs.
• Digestive system- Breaks down food and absorbs nutrients.
• Excretory System - Removes wastes from the body through
the kidneys, liver, lungs, and large intestine.
• Integumentary System – Removes wastes from the body
through the skin.
• Circulatory- Transports materials to and from the cell.
• Respiratory system- Takes in oxygen and eliminates carbon
dioxide.
• Nervous system- Detects information from the environment
and controls body functions.
Levels of Organization - Organism
• an individual animal, plant,
or single-celled life form
Homeostasis
• Homeostasis is where an
organism’s internal (inside)
environment is kept stable (or
balanced) no matter what
happens internally or
externally. Homestasis keeps
BALANCE or EQUILIBRIUM
inside an organism!
• Unicellular organisms do this
with their organelles!
Body Systems Rap
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0yjLJfz6saU