SKELETAL SYSTEM
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Transcript SKELETAL SYSTEM
SKELETAL SYSTEM
Skeletal system …
made of organs that are
called bones, there are
206 bones in the body.
WHAT IS A BONE CELL CALLED?
Osteocytes are part of a dense network of connective
tissue. The hardening and development process of the
osteocytes is called ossification.
Functions of Bones
Framework: support the body’s muscle fat, and skin.
Protection
Surround vital organs to protect them
Examples.
o Skull that surrounds brain
o Ribs that protect heart and lungs.
Levers: attach to muscles to help provide movement
Produce blood cells: produce red and white blood cells
and platelets.
Storage: store most of calcium supply blood
long bones
Long bones are
bones of
extremities (arms
and legs)
Diaphysis is the
long shaft
Yellow Bone Marrow
Yellow marrow
Contains mainly fat cells
Red Bone Marrow
Red marrow
Found in certain bones such as
vertebrae, ribs, sternum,
cranium, and proximal ends of
humerus and femur.
Produces red blood cells platelets,
and some white blood cells.
Involved with the body’s immune
systems.
Used in diagnosing blood diseases
Given as transplants to people
with defective immune systems
CATEGORIES OF BONES
Long and Short Bones
Flat, Irregular, Sesamoid
Long- form the arms and
Flat bones- large
legs; has a shaft called
diaphysis, oxygen and
nutrients are brought form
the bloodstream. Short
bones- small cube-shaped
of the writs, ankles and
toes.
somewhat flat surface;
shoulder blades, pelvis and
skull. Irregular- Bones of
the ears vertebrae and face.
Sesamoid bones- are
formed in the tendon near
joints, The patella is an
example.
2 SECTIONS OF SKELETON
AXIAL SKELETON
MAIN TRUNK OF BODY
INCLUDES THE SKULL, SPINAL
COLUMN, RIBS, STERNUM
8 BONES IN THE SKULL
SPACES CALLED FONTANELS
ALLOWS FOR SKULL TO
EXPAND AS BRAIN GROWS
14 FACIAL BONES, MAXILLAUPPER JAW, MANDIBLELOWER JAW
SUTURES: CRANIAL BONES
JOINED TOGETHER.
AXIAL SKELETON
SPINAL COLUMN HAS 26
BONES; VERTEBRAE HAS
5 MAIN SECTIONS, ie.
Waist area is the lumbar
PROTECTS AND
PROVIDES SUPPORT
RIBS :12 PAIRS OF LONG
BONES
TRUE RIBS-FIRST 7 PAIRS
FALSE RIBS-NEXT 3 AND
THEN 2 LAST FLOATING
PAIRS
APPENDECULAR SKELETON
FORMS ARMS AND
BONES OF LEGS:
LEGS AND COMPOSED
OF SHOULDER
GIRDLE AND LONG
BONES
SHOULDER CONTAINS
2 CLAVICLES (COLLAR
BONE) AND 2
SCAPULAS
(ATTACHMENT OF
UPPER ARM BONE
FEMUR, PATELLA, TIBIA,
FIBULA, METATARSALS-5,
TARSALS- 7, AND PHALANGES
-14 ON EACH FOOT
JOINTS: 3 TYPES
BONES OF THE ARMS:
HUMERUS, RADIUS, ULNA,
CARPALS-8, METACARPALS -5
ON EACH HAND, AND
PHALANGES-14 ON EACH
HAND TO FORM THE THUMB.
DISEASES OF SKELETAL SYSTEM
ATHRITIS –
Inflamation of the
joints.
2 MAIN TYPES –
Both are chronic
diseases
BURSITIS
OSTEOMYELITIS
Osteoarthritis –
Occurs with aging
SYMPTOMS: joint
pain, stiffness, aching
limited range of
motion.
TX: Rest, heat/cold
applications,
aspirin,antinflammator
y medications, steroid
injections, special
exercises.
Diseases Continued….
Rheumatoid arthritis –
Inflammatory disease of
connective tissue and joints.
3Xs more common in
women, may begin at 35-45
years. Permananent
deformity from atrophy and
scar tissue.
TX: Rest and RX
exercises, antiinflamatory
medications, surgery or
arthroplasty to replace
damaged joints such as hips
or knees
Bursitis- Inflamation of
bursae, small fluid sacs
surrounding joints
Frequently affects shoulders,
elbows, hip or knees
Symptoms: severe
pain,limited movement,
accumulations of fluid in joint
TX: Pain meds and rest,
steroid injections, aspiration
(withdrawel of fluid
w/needle), PT to preserve
joint motion.
BONES, THEM BONES !
Osteomyelitis (NOT
Osteoporosis)
Inflammation of bone
usually caused by
pathogenic organism.
Pathogens causes formation
of abscess within bone and
accumulation of pus in
medullary canal.
SYMPTOMS: Pain in site,
swelling, chills, fever
TX: Antibiotics for
infection.
FRACTURES
Involves a crack or break in
bone
GREENSTICK-incomplete
break (common in children)
SIMPLE-complete break, no
damage to skin
COMPOUND-break in bone
and skin, chance of
infections
IMPACTED-broken bone
ends jam into each other.
COMMINUTED: Bone
fragment or splinters into
more than 2 pieces.
REDUCTION
Process by which bone is put back into
proper alignment.
Closed reduction; position bone in
alignment, usually with traction, and apply
cast or splint to maintain position
Open reduction; surgical repair of bone,
and times, insertion of pins, plates and
other devices.
WHAT ARE THE FOUR FUNCTIONS OF
BONES?
1. support the body’s muscle fat, and skin.
2. Protection -Surround vital organs to protect them.
levers: attach to muscles to help provide movement.
4. Produce blood cells: produce red and white blood cells
and platelets.
3.
WHAT ARE 4 BONE DISEASES?
DON’T
FORGET
TO
STUDY
FOR TEST
ON
WEDNES
-DAY!
1. RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
2. OSTEOARTHRITIS
3. BURSITIS
4. OSTEOMYELITITS