Transcript Introduction to Medical Terminology Chapter 4: The Muscular System

INTRODUCTION TO
MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
CHAPTER 4:
THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
Presented by Alan Jenkins III and Quinn Kiel
A Brief Refresher on Forms and
Functions of the Muscular System
Major Structure
Root Words
What it do
Muscles
Muscl/o, my/o, 0
Make body movement
possible, hold body erect,
move body fluids, and
produce body heat.
Fascia
Fasci/o
Cover, support and
separate muscles.
Tendons
Ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o
Attch muscles to bones.
Muscle Functions
• Enables movement
• Muscle movement generates nearly 85% of the
heat that keeps the body warm.
• Moves food through the digestive system.
• Movements, such as walking, aid in the flow of
blood in veins, as it returns to the heart.
• Move other fluids through the body.
Muscle Fibers
• Long slender cells that make up muscle
• Muscles are groups of muscle fibers
• Held together by fascia
• Contracts
• Tightening of a muscle
• Shortens
• Thickens
• Relaxes
• Returns to its normal state
• Lengthens
Fascia
• A band of connective that envelops, separates, or binds muscles or
groups of muscles together
• Examples of fasciae include:
• Epimysium
• Perimysium
• Endomysium
Tendons
• Narrow band of dense, nonelastic, fibrous connective tissue
• Connects muscles to bones
• How skeletal muscles transfer force to bones
• Separate from ligaments
• Ligaments connect form joints by connecting bones
Types of Muscle
There are three types of muscle
• Cardiac
• The heart
• Involuntary
• Smooth
• Involved in digestion, et cetera
• Involuntary
• Skeletal
• Allows us to move ourselves and our bodies
• Transmits force to bones and joints via tendons
• Voluntary
Skeletal Muscles
• Attach to bones via tendons
• Make body motions possible
• Voluntary
Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle
• Skeletal muscle surrounded by connective
tissue, epimysium
• Made up of bundles of individual muscle
fibers, fasciculus or fascicle
• Bundles surrounded by more connective
tissue, perimysium
• Individual muscle fibers surrounded by
connective tissue, endomysium
• Muscle fiber composed of myofibrils
• Made up of filaments
Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles
continued
• Origin
• Where the muscle begins
• Located nearest the body’s midline or on a less moveable part of the skeleton
• Insertion
• Where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon
• More movable, located furthest from the body’s midline
Smooth Muscles
• Located in the walls of internal organs
• Move and control the flow of fluids through the various structures of the body
• Involuntary
Myocardial Muscles
• Cardiac muscles
• Form the muscular walls of the heart
• Structured similarly to skeletal muscles microscopically
• Involuntary
Muscle innervation
• Technical term for a muscle receiving electrical stimuli
• When stimulation occurs, muscle contracts
• When stimulation ceases, muscle relaxes
• If disrupted the muscle cannot function properly
• Cannot contract properly
• Paralysis
Antagonist Muscle Pairs
• Two muscles that preform opposite actions
• All muscles are arranged in antagonistic pairs
• Example is the biceps and triceps
Contrasting Muscle Motion
Action
Action’s action
Action's opposite
action
Action’s opposite action’s
action
Abduction
Movement of a limb away
from the midline of the
body
Adduction
Movement of a limb
toward the midline of the
body
Flexion
Decreasing the angle
between two bones by
bending limb at a joint
Extension
Increasing the angle
between two bones or the
straightening out of a limb
Elevation
The act of raising or lifting
a body part
Depression
The act of lowering a body
part
Rotation
A circular movement
around an axis such as the
shoulder joint
Circumduction
Circular movement at the
far end of a limb*
Supination
The act of rotating the arm
or leg so that the palm or
sole is turned forward or
upward
Pronation
The act of rotating the arm
or leg so that the palm or
sole is turned downward or
backward
Dorsiflexion
Bending the foot upward
at the ankle
Plantar flexion
Bending the foot
downward at the ankle
How Muscles are Named
• Action
• Location
• Fiber direction
• Number of divisions
• Size or shape
• Other reasons
• Hamstrings are called such because they
are the muscles by which butchers hang
slaughtered pigs. Neato!
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
• Symptoms occur when the tendons that pass
through the carpal runnel are chronically
over used and become inflamed and swollen
• The carpal tunnel is a narrow, bony passage
under the carpal ligament that is located
one-fourth of an inch below the inner surface
of the wrist
• To treat this you can: rest, ice, wrist splints,
cortisone injections, and surgery.
CHAPTER QUIZ
1. Which of the following is not a role
of fascia?
• Envelop muscles
• Hold bundles of muscle fibers together
• Connect muscles to bones
• Bind groups of muscles together
1. Which of the following is not a role
of fascia?
• Envelop muscles
• Hold bundles of muscle fibers together
• Connect muscles to bones
• Bind groups of muscles together
That’s what tendons do!
2. What do tendons do?
• Hold your skin to your muscles
• Attach bones together to form joints
• Attach muscles to bones
• Attach muscles to other muscles
2. What do tendons do?
• Hold your skin to your muscles
• Attach bones together to form joints
• Attach muscles to bones
• Attach muscles to other muscles
Tendon’s role is to attach muscles to bones in order to transmit force from the muscular
system to the skeletal system
3. Which of the following is not one of
the types of muscle?
• Smooth
• Skeletal
• Cardiac
• Voluntary
3. Which of the following is not one of
the types of muscle?
• Smooth
• Skeletal
• Cardiac
• Voluntary
The three types of muscles are smooth, skeletal and cardiac.
4. Which muscle types are
involuntary?
• Skeletal muscles only
• Smooth muscles only
• Cardiac and skeletal muscles only
• Smooth and cardiac muscles only
4. Which muscle types are
involuntary?
• Skeletal muscles only
• Smooth muscles only
• Cardiac and skeletal muscles only
• Smooth and cardiac muscles only
Things like your heart beat and digestion happen automatically, without voluntary
control.
5. What are myocardial muscles?
• There is no such thing
• The muscles in your gut
• The muscles in your heart
• The muscles in your arms and legs
5. What are myocardial muscles?
• There is no such thing
• The muscles in your gut
• The muscles in your heart
• The muscles in your arms and legs
Another name for myocardial muscles are cardiac muscles.
6. What do smooth muscles do?
• Preform slow and controlled body movements
• Control flow of fluids through the body
• Contract voluntarily
• Allow you to lift heavy weights
6. What do smooth muscles do?
• Preform slow and controlled body movements
• Control flow of fluids through the body
• Contract voluntarily
• Allow you to lift heavy weights
Smooth muscles are in the walls of internal organs and control things such as digestion.
7. What are antagonist muscle pairs?
• Muscles that preform the same action
• Evil pairs of muscles
• Muscles that preform opposite actions
• Muscles that really hurt
7. What are antagonist muscle pairs?
• Muscles that preform the same action
• Evil pairs of muscles
• Muscles that preform opposite actions
• Muscles that really hurt
7. What are antagonist muscle pairs?
• Muscles that preform the same action
• Evil pairs of muscles
• Muscles that preform opposite actions
• Muscles that really hurt
Antagonistic means that the muscle pulls in the opposite direction.
8. Which is not an example of an
antagonistic muscle pair?
• Biceps and triceps
• Hamstrings and quadriceps
• Soleus and gastrocnemius
• Pectoralis and rhomboids
8. Which is not an example of an
antagonistic muscle pair?
• Biceps and triceps
• Hamstrings and quadriceps
• Soleus and gastrocnemius
• Pectoralis and rhomboids
The soleus and gastrocnemius preform the same action; their antagonistic muscle is the
tibialis anterior.
9. How can you treat carpal tunnel
syndrome?
• Cortisone shots
• Ice
• Surgery
• All of the above
9. How can you treat carpal tunnel
syndrome?
• Cortisone shots
• Ice
• Surgery
• All of the above
These can decrease inflammation.
10. Who is the coolest teacher at KR?
• Mr. Champoux
• Mrs. Brinkman
• Ms. Wiskow
• Mr. Albretch
10. Who is the coolest teacher at KR?
• Mr. Champoux
• Mrs. Brinkman
• Ms. Wiskow
• Mr. Albretch
Do you really need that explained?
ANY QUESTIONS?