Transcript Muscular System Gross Anatomy - Holden R

Anatomy and Physiology, Sixth Edition
Rod R. Seeley
Idaho State University
Trent D. Stephens
Idaho State University
Philip Tate
Phoenix College
Chapter 10
Lecture Outline*
*See PowerPoint Image Slides for all figures and tables pre-inserted into PowerPoint without notes.
10-1
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Chapter 10
Muscular System
Gross Anatomy
10-2
General Principles
• Tendons: Attach muscles to bones
– Aponeurosis: A very broad tendon
• Muscles
– Origin or head: Muscle end attached to more stationary of two
bones
– Insertion: Muscle end attached to bone with greatest
movement
– Belly: Largest portion of the muscle between origin and
insertion
– Synergists: Muscles that work together to cause a movement
• Prime mover: Plays major role in accomplishing movement
• Agonist: Muscle causing an action when contracts
• Antagonist: A muscle working in opposition to agonist
– Fixators: Stabilize joint/s crossed by the prime mover
10-3
Muscle Shapes
10-4
Muscle Shapes
10-5
Nomenclature
• Muscles are named according to:
–
–
–
–
–
Location: pectoralis gluteus, brachial
Size: maximus, minimus, longus, brevis
Shape: deltoid, quadratus, teres
Orientation: rectus
Origin and insertion: sternocleidomastoid,
brachioradialis
– Number of heads: biceps, triceps
– Function: abductor, adductor, masseter
10-6
Muscle Movements
• Muscle contractions are a pull or force by
relative positions of
– Lever: Rigid shaft or bone
– Fulcrum: Pivot point or joint
– Weight or resistance
10-7
Classes of Levers
• Class I
– Fulcrum between force and
weight
– Seesaw or head movement
• Class II
– Weight is between fulcrum
and pull
– Wheelbarrow, standing on
toes
• Class III
– Pull located between
fulcrum and weight
– Person using a shovel
– Most common
10-8
Muscle Anatomy: Anterior View
10-9
Muscle Anatomy: Posterior View
10-10
Muscles of the Neck
10-11
Muscles of Facial Expression
10-12
Muscles of Mastication
10-13
Muscles of Respiration
10-14
Muscles of the Abdominal Wall
10-15
Muscles of Pelvic Floor and Perineum
10-16
Muscles of the Arm
10-17
Muscles of the Forearm
10-18
Muscles of the Thigh
10-19
Muscles of the Leg
10-20
Muscles of the Leg
10-21
Muscles of the Foot
10-22