Transcript File - Welcome to Ms. Ward`s class!

I will describe various types of soft tissues in the body
I will explain how tissues respond to trauma
I will describe the types of soft tissue trauma
I will demonstrate proper procedures for treating various soft tissue trauma
I will analyze the indication and contraindication for cold application on a soft tissue
injury
I will analyze the indications and contraindications for heat application on soft tissue
injuries
Warm up
Think of an incident where you
either witnessed or experienced a
soft tissue injury to the skin,
muscle, tendon or ligament. What
happened? What did the injury look
like? How was the injury treated?
Soft Tissue
Soft tissues are the tissues that connect, support,
and surround other structures and organs of the
body, not being bone.
Soft tissues include tendons, ligaments, fascia,
skin, fibrous tissues, fat, synovial membranes
(connective tissues), muscles, nerves, and blood
vessels.
Skin
Skin- outer covering of the body
Ligament
Ligament- connects bone to bone
Muscle
Muscle- tissue that when stimulated
contracts and produces movement
Tendons
Tendons- tissue that connects muscle to
bone
Ruptured Achilles Tendon
Achilles Tendon
Soft tissue Injury
A soft tissue injury is the damage of skin, muscles,
ligaments, and tendons throughout the body.
Common soft tissues injuries usually occur from a sprain,
strain, a blow resulting in a contusion, or overuse of a
particular part of the body
5 signs of Inflammation
Redness- due to vasodilatation and increase
in blood flow
Heat- due to vasodilation and increase in
blood flow
Swelling- due to increase in blood flow to the
injured area and possibly from blood that
leaks into the injured tissue (bruising)
Pain- due to the pressure of fluids or swelling
through the nerve endings
Loss of function- due to swelling and pain
Contusion
 Bruise
 Sudden traumatic blow to
body
 Not penetrate skin
 Usually injury to blood
vessels
 Superficial, deep, or
hemorrhage
 Hematoma: formation
caused by pooling of blood
and fluid w/in a tissue space
Contusion
 Symptoms:




Swelling
Point tenderness
Redness
Ecchymosis- purple discoloration of skin
 Treatment:
 PRICE
 Protection- protect from further injury by preventing them




from moving
Rest
Ice- ice during the first 72 hours to reduce swelling and pain
(ice for 15 to 20 minutes every 2 to 3 hours)
Compression-use of pressure with bandage or wrap to
reduce swelling
Elevation- can minimize initial tissue bleeding and swelling
Partner Assignment
In groups of 3, create a short cartoon strip
which shows an incident resulting in a
contusion.
1. Include at least five signs and symptoms of a
contusion using the crayons markers and colored
pencils.
2. Include whether it is superficial, deep, or a
hemorrhage
3. Demonstrate knowledge and application of the
treatment PRICE.
Cartoon should take no more than 3-5 minutes to present to class.
Strains
 Strain- stretch, tear, or rip in the muscle and/or tendon
 Severe tension force
 Excessive muscle contraction
 Direct blow to the body
 Common sites:





Hamstring
Quadriceps
Hip flexor
Biceps
Latissimus dorsi
Sports and strains?
In what sports is someone
more likely to get a strain?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t2G8KVzTwfw
Sports and Strains
Soccer, football, hockey, boxing, wrestling, and other
contact sports put athletes at risk for strains.
Sports that feature quick starts (hurdling, long jump,
running races, etc.).
Gymnastics, tennis, rowing, golf-sports that require
extensive gripping have a high incidence of hand strains.
Elbow strains frequently occur in racquet, throwing, and
contact sports.
Severity of Strains
 Grade 1
 Some muscle fibers stretched or torn
 Some tenderness/pain with range of motion
 Grade 2
 Number of muscle fibers torn
 Active contraction of muscle extremely painful
 Grade 3
 Complete rupture of muscle
 Significant impairment or total loss of movement
Signs & Symptoms
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Localized swelling
Cramping
Inflammation
Loss of function
Pain
General weakness
Discoloration
Treatment
Treatment
 Reduce swelling & pain through PRICE
 Protection- protect from further injury by preventing them from moving
 Rest
 Ice- ice during the first 72 hours to reduce swelling and pain (15 to 20
minutes every 2 to 3 hours)
 Compression-use of pressure with bandage or wrap to reduce
swelling
 Elevation- can minimize initial tissue bleeding and swelling
 Anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen
Severe Strain could require:
 Hard cast
 Surgery
Treatment: Compression
Thigh Wrap (hamstring and Quadricep)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CSIIjax1lUo
Welcome Mr. Liscombe, professor and athletic trainer!
Watch then practice on a partner.
Strains
Prevention
 Regular weight training
 Proper warm-up
 Stretching
 Proper mechanics
 Proper cool-down/ stretching
 Proper nutrition & hydration
Partner Assignment
With a partner, create a short skit which shows an incident
resulting in a strain.
1. Draw a picture of the injury and include at least five
signs and symptoms of a strain using crayons, markers
or colored pencils.
2. Include whether it is a grade 1, grade 2, or grade 3
3. Demonstrate knowledge and application of the
treatment PRICE and the use of anti-inflammatory
drugs.
4. Demonstrate knowledge and application of at least 4
prevention techniques.
Skit should be between 3 to 5 minutes in length.
Sprain
Sprain- stretched or torn ligament (connects bone to bone)
Causes:
 Falling
 twisting
 Direct blow
Common sites:
 Ankle
 Wrist
 Knee
Sports and sprains?
In what sports is someone
more likely to get a sprain?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PI5veHFijAk
Sports and Sprains
All sports and exercises, even walking, carry a risk of
sprains. The anatomic areas most at risk for a sprain
depend on the specific activities involved. For example,
basketball, volleyball, soccer, and other jumping sports
share a risk for foot, leg, and ankle sprains. Sports such
as football, basketball and soccer that involve running
with sudden stops, cutting side to side, jumping and
pivoting can increase the risk of a knee sprain.
Severity of Sprain
First Degree: ligament has been stretched but not torn
 mild pain
 some swelling
 joint instability
 difficulty jogging or jumping.
Second Degree (most common): partial tearing of the ligament
 significant swelling
 bruising
 moderate pain
 trouble walking
Third Degree: ligament is completely torn
 Severe swelling
 Severe pain
 Extreme loss of motion
 Walking can be very painful
Signs and Symptoms
Signs and symptoms:
 Pain
 Swelling
 Heat
 Redness
 Bruising
 Stiffness or difficulty moving the joint
 At the time of injury, you may hear or feel a pop in the joint
Treatment
Reduce swelling & pain through PRICE
• Protection- protect from further injury by preventing
them from moving (if ankle sprain, wear a shoe)
• Rest
• Ice- ice during the first 72 hours to reduce swelling and
pain (15 to 20 minutes every 2 to 3 hours)
• Compression-use of pressure with bandage or wrap to
reduce swelling
• Elevation- can minimize initial tissue bleeding and
swelling
Anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen
Surgery may be needed for a tear in ligaments of the knee
Treatment: Compression
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2fKvpqy_gWk
Welcome Athletic Trainer John!
Watch then practice on a partner.
During skit making at the end of class, you can practice
wrapping as the treatment requirement-compression
Prevention
 Balance training
 Strengthen the muscles around the joint
 Flexibility training of the hips, legs, and ankles
 Adequate preparation for the activity
 Taping and bracing the joint
Partner Assignment
With a partner, create a skit or cartoon which shows an
incident resulting in a sprain.
1. Include at least five signs and symptoms of a sprain using
crayons, markers or colored pencils (if you do a skit,
make sure you draw the injury on a piece of paper).
2. Include whether it is a first degree, second degree, or
third degree
3. Demonstrate knowledge and application of the treatment
PRICE and the use of anti-inflammatory drugs.
4. Demonstrate knowledge and application of at least 4
prevention techniques.
Skit or cartoon should take no more than 3 to 5 minutes to
present.
Soft tissue Overuse injuries
Small amounts of body stress accumulate slowly but steadily.
The result can be damage and pain.
Common soft tissue overuse injuries include:
 Shin Splints: inflammation of the connective tissue that
surrounds the tibia
 Tendonitis: an inflammation or irritation of a tendon, a thick
cord that attaches bone to muscle.
 Tennis Elbow: a painful condition that occurs when tendons
in your elbow are overworked, usually by repetitive motions
of the wrist and arm
Small Group Assignment
As a team, complete the following tasks:
1. Research the three soft tissue overuse injuries and fill in the appropriate
information on your notes: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Prevention
 Each person will fill in their own notes
2. Create a short movie demonstrating knowledge on one soft tissue overuse
injury (See Rubric)
 Get permission before beginning movie. Each group will create a
movie on a different soft tissue injury
3. Once your group finishes, study your notes to prepare for the quiz tomorrow
on soft tissues and injuries.
4. Each group will rotate to view each other’s videos
Teacher will review information on soft tissue overuse injuries while students
highlight and add to their notes.
Tendonitis
Causes
 Most common cause: repetition of a particular
movement over time
 Other causes: Injury to the tendon
 Tendinitis develops in people whose jobs or hobbies
involve repetitive movements; aggravating the tendons.
Tendonitis
Symptoms:
 Pain - if the affected area is moved the pain worsens
 Swelling
 Hot
 Red
 A lump that develops along the tendon
 A feeling that the tendon is crackling or grating as it
moves
Tendonitis
Treatment:
 Rest
 Ice
 Over-the-counter pain relievers
 Injection of cortisone
 Surgery in severe cases
Tendonitis
Prevention:
 Avoid activities that place excessive stress on tendons
 Strengthening exercises around the tendon
 Cross training
 Stretching
 Use proper techniques when performing repetitive
movements
Shin Splints
Causes
 Shin splints are caused by repetitive stress on the
shinbone and the connective tissues that attach your
muscles to the bone.
 Especially common in runners and dancers
Shin Splints
Symptoms:
 Soreness along the inner part of your lower leg
 Mild swelling in your lower leg
Shin Splints
Treatment
 Rest
 Ice
 Take an over-the-counter pain reliever such as
ibuprofen
Shin Splint
Prevention:
 Choose the right shoes for your sport
 Cross train with a sport that is of less impact on the
shins
 Warm up before working out
 Strength training exercises for lower legs
Tennis Elbow
Cause:
 Tennis elbow is a painful condition that occurs when
tendons in your elbow are overworked, usually by
repetitive motions of the wrist and arm.
Tennis Elbow
Symptoms:
 Pain that radiates towards the forearm and wrist
 Tenderness
 Weakness
Tennis Elbow
Treatment:
 Rest
 Ice
 Anti-inflammatory drugs
Tennis Elbow
Prevention:
 Stretch arm muscles
 Strengthen arm muscles
 Wearing a brace
 Proper techniques
Assignment Quiz: Soft tissue and
soft tissue injuries
1. What soft tissue connects bone to bone?
2. What soft tissue connect muscle to bone?
3. What soft tissue makes up the outer covering of the body?
4. What are the five signs of inflammation?
5. What does PRICE stand for?
6. What are three degrees of severity for a contusion?
7. What is the difference between a sprain and a strain?
8. What are two ways to prevent a strain?
9. What are two ways to prevent a sprain?
10.What strain is more severe-Grade 1 or Grade 3?