Transcript Review
• Website Agenda – Midterms/Finals – Class Problems – ProblemSets • Grades – Project 1 • Final: – Wed, May 8 4:30-7:30 – Ramaley C250 – Extra Credit IPHY 4540 Biomechanics • Objective: to learn how to quantitatively analyze the mechanical function of the human musculoskeletal system using principles of physics and physiology. • Topics: – – – – Functional Anatomy Tissue Biomechanics (muscle, tendon, bone) Movement (kinematics) Movement dynamics (kinetics) Functional Anatomy • • • • • Functional Anatomy Muscle actions Lever systems in the body Biarticular/Monoarticular muscles Movement descriptors Tissue Biomechanics • Tendon/Muscle/Bone – Material Composition and Properties – Stress-Strain, Force-Elongation Graphs – Equations • Muscle – Mechanics • Muscle architecture • F-V curve • F-L curve Movement • Kinematic Equations – Constant Acceleration – Linear vs Angular Motion • Radial/centripetal and tangential – Joint Motion – Velocity and Acceleration Calculations • Graphs and Slopes – Graphs – 1D vs 2D motion (vectors) • Trig, resultants Locomotion • Walking and Running • 1D vs 2D analyses • Phases – Joint Kinematics – Dynamics – Energy – Inverted Pendulum and Spring Mass models Movement Dynamics • Anthropometry – Center of mass – Moment of Inertia • Free-Body Diagrams • Forces – ΣF=ma – Friction and aerodynamic forces • Moments – ΣM=Iα • • • • • Impulse Momentum Work Power Energy • Principle of Impulse and Momentum • Principle of Work and Energy • Conservation of Energy • Conservation of Angular Momentum Objective: to learn how to quantitatively analyze the mechanical function of the human musculoskeletal system using principles of physics and physiology. Tissue Biomechanics: Quantify response/role of tendon, bone and muscle Must know applied force/displacement Functional Anatomy: Describe movement Determine muscles involved Kinematics: Quantify movement Kinetics: Quantify whole-body and muscle forces and moments While walking slowly, a 60kg woman places all of her weight, W, on one foot as shown. 15mm FB 5mm • Determine the vertical compressive force FB that the tibia exerts on the talus • An equal and opposite compressive force therefore acts on the tibia. If the cross-sectional area of the tibia is 1000mm2 determine the resultant stress in the tibia • If the elastic modulus (E) of bone is 12GPa, determine the resultant strain in the tibia. • If the woman’s tibia is initially 0.5m long, how much does it shorten by? FA A 15mm 100mm W