Transcript Effects of aging

Integumentary and Muscular System
 Keratin
– barrier to microbes, chemicals,
water and trauma
 Melanin – barrier to light
 Langerhans cells – barrier that starts the
immune response – helps fight skin cancer
 Barrier
 Information
 Temperature
regulation
 Vitamin D production
 Cosmetic effects
 Damage
from free radicals
 Production of irregular keratinocytes – which
will increase skin cancer
 Patchy distribution of melanocytes – age
spots
 Decrease langerhans cells – increase
infection, etc.
 Increase in irregularities in elastin – increase
sagging and wrinkling
 Decrease blood vessels – decreases temp.
regulation, decreases vit. D
 Englarged sebaceous glands - blackheads
 Increase
production of keratinocytes –
increase skin cancer
 Increase patchy melanocytes – age spots
 Decrease langerhans cells
 Decrease blood vessels
 Thicker capillary walls
 Enlarged sebaceous glands
 Decreased
immobility
 Age changes weaken skin
 Thinner fat layer
 Decrease nutrition, skin hygiene, exercise
All of these result in infection, pain, and
adverse cosmetic effects
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less water in the skin - the
skin thins and wrinkles
like a grape becoming a
raisin
damaged elastin - the
skin holds less water and
is less elastic, pliable, and
resilient
damaged collagen - the
skin holds less water and
is less elastic, pliable, and
resilient
less fat - there is less fat
under the skin to keep it
plump and prevent it from
sagging and sinking

decreased sensation -> increased
incident of injuries

less water in the skin -> less
cushioning
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thinning fat -> less cushioning
weaker collagen -> easier
injury
stiffer elastin -> easier injury

fewer blood vessel vessels ->
weaker skin -> easier injury

slower healing -> skin stays
fragile longer after each small
injury, so the damage
accumulates

medications (“blood thinners”)
-> slower clotting -> large black
and blue marks
 Good
skin care
 Decreased sunlight
 Remain active
 Good nutrition
 Regular evaluation and corrective measures
 Decreased exposure to microbes, trauma,
burns, chemicals
 Movement
to get what we need and want
 Support so other parts can work – breathing
 Heat production to stay active
 Weight control by burning calories
 Use glucose (blood sugars) more effectively
to prevent diabetes mellitus
 Reduced
ability to be stimulated
 Reduced storing and generating energy
 Cell thickness is lost
 Cell number is lost
 Slower increase in muscle size and strength
 Great decrease in the faster and stronger
muscles
 Fewer nerve cells to stimulate the muscles
plus they are slower
 Gradual decrease in muscle mass
 Difficult
to learn new activities because of
less coordination, less short term memory
and less precision control
 Fatigue easy because of declining cell
thickness, declining cell number, declining
fast and strong muscles, decreased storing
and generating energy
 Decrease
strength
 Decrease speed
 Decrease coordination
 Altered posture
 Altered appearance and body proportions
These result in a need for decrease in calories
and adjustments to various medications due
to loss of body mass and body fat
Muscle mass is lost most after age 50
 Must
“pace” slower
 Must “quit” sooner
 Increase stiffness and soreness
 Slows
decline in muscle mass
 Slows decline in strength
 Slows decline in insulin sensitivity
 There
is no bank account for exercise – use it
or lose it!