Transcript SKELETAL SYSTEM review

SKELETAL SYSTEM review
Major Functions
The skeletal
system has
several
functions…
Major Functions
• Support
• Protection
• Muscle attachment
• Provide shape
• Blood cell production
• Storage of calcium
Generic Parts
Can you name
some bone
parts we have
talked about in
class???
Generic Parts
• Epiphysis
• Diaphysis
• Cartilage
• Marrow
• Osteocytes
– Osteoblasts
– Osteoclasts
The long and short of it
Long bones contain:
compact bone
spongy bone
and marrow, which makes red
and white blood cells
cartilage
• Connective tissue found in joints
• Specialized cells called chondrocytes
• Three types of cartilage
– Elastic
– Hyaline
– Fibrocartilage
• Does not contain blood vessels
• Functions like a rubber cushion at ends of
joints
The skeleton is
divided into two
sections
Two sections
•Axial
•Appendicular
Bones of the pelvis, arms, legs, hands, feet,
clavicles, scapulae
The Axial skeleton
Another name for the skull is…
The skull consists of
several bones that have
fused together at joints
called sutures.
Frontal
Parietal (2)
Temporal (2)
Occipital
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Another name for the skull is…
The cranium
Facial bones
The eye sockets are
also called orbits.
The mandible is also
called the jaw bone.
Rib cage
Provides protection to
heart & lungs
How many ribs are
there???
The tip of the sternum
is called the
xiphoid.
This part is cartilage.
Rib cage
• 12 pairs
• All attached to
the spine
• 10 pairs attached
to the sternum
• 2 pairs of
“floating ribs”
Spine - Vertebrae
•Cervical – 7
•Thoracic – 12
•Lumbar – 5
•Sacrum
•Coccyx – 1-3
Appendicular skeleton
In addition to the
pelvis, arm, leg,
hand, and foot
bones, the
clavicles and
scapulae are
included in this
division
Pelvis
You will notice the
sacrum and
coccyx here
also…
Pelvis
• Ilium – iliac crest
• Ischium
• Pubis – symphysis
Arm
•Humerus
•Radius
•Ulna
•Carpals
•Metacarpals
•Phalanges
Leg
• Femur – head, neck, greater
and lesser trochanter
• Patella
• Tibia – medial ankle “bone”
• Fibula – lateral ankle “bone”
• Tarsals – talus, calcaneus
• Metatarsals
• Phalanges
Types of Fractures
• Simple –
break thru
bone
• Compound –
bone end thru
skin
Types of Fractures
• Greenstick –
bent bone
• Comminuted –
splintered bone
Types of Fractures
• Impacted – bone
pieces pressed
together
• Spiral – break
caused by twist
Types of Fractures
• Depressed
• Colles –
fracture of
the distal
radius
Joint Types
• Synarthroses – immovable (such as
cranial bones)
• Amphiarthroses – slightly moveable
(such as synthesis pubis)
• Diathroses – freely moveable
Diathroses Joints
• Hinge – elbow, knee, fingers,
toes
• Pivot – axis, forearm
• Saddle – thumb
• Condyloid – wrist, ankle
• Ball and Socket – shoulder, hip
• Gliding - vertebrae
Diseases/Disorders
• Sprain – stretched or torn ligament
or tendon
• Arthritis – inflamed joint
• Osteomyelitis – infected bone
• Osteoporosis – loss of bone density
• Bone cancer
• Subluxation - dislocation
The End