Transcript Anatomy Power Point

By Coach Blair
Part 1
The Body
The Human Body
Anatomists are people who study the
human body.
 Everyone is unique. We have different skin
colors, hair colors, body shapes and sizes
– but we all look alike inside. If you could
peek inside your own body, what would
you see? Hundreds of bones, miles of
blood vessels, and trillions of cells, all of
which are constantly working together and
doing all kinds of different things.
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There
are
multiple
systems
in the
body but
the main
ones we
will focus
on are…
The Skeletal System (bones)
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The largest bone in the body is the femur, or thigh bone; it is 20 inches long
in a 6-foot-tall person.
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Main job: To give shape to your body.
How many: At birth you had more than 300 bones in your body. As an adult
you'll have 206, because some fuse together.
 The smallest bone is the stirrup bone located in the ear; it is .1 inch long.
Kinds of Bones
 Long bones are thin; they are found in your legs, arms, and fingers.
 Short bones are wide and chunky; they are found in your feet and wrists.
 Flat bones are flat and smooth, like your ribs and shoulder blades.
 Irregular bones, like the three bones in your inner ear and the vertebrae in
your spine, come in many different shapes.
Cranium
Clavicle
Scapula
Sternum
Ribs
Humerus
Vertebrae
Pelvis
Ulna
Radius
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges
The Muscular System
Main job: To make involuntary or voluntary body movement possible.
How many: Your body has more than 650 muscles. Each muscle does only
two things: contract when being used and expand when resting.
Kinds of Muscles
 Skeletal muscles move your bones. They are called voluntary muscles
because you decide when to move them. You have more than 400
voluntary muscles.
 The job of the cardiac muscle, or heart, is to pump blood through your body.
The cardiac muscle is involuntary; it never stops working during your
lifetime.
 Smooth muscles control your internal movements, such as moving food
around in your intestines. These muscles are also found in the blood
vessels, where they assist the flow of blood. Smooth muscles are
involuntary.
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Every day, the average person's muscles work as hard as if they were placing
2,400 pounds on a 4-foot-high shelf.
Others in the Muscular System
Joints
 Main job: To allow bones to move in different directions. Bones
don't bend. It is the joint that allows two bones next to each other to
move.
Ligaments
 Main job: These bands of tough tissue hold joints together. They
are strong and flexible
Tendons
 Your fingers are mostly powered by muscles in your palm and wrist.
 Main job: To hold your muscles to your bones.
 Tendon fact: Tendons look like rubber bands.
Respiratory System
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The respiratory system brings air
into the body and removes carbon
dioxide. It includes the nose,
trachea, and lungs. When you
breathe in, air enters your nose or
mouth and goes down a long tube
called the trachea. The trachea
branches into two bronchial tubes,
or primary bronchi, which go to the
lungs. The primary bronchi branch
off into even smaller bronchial
tubes, or bronchioles. The
bronchioles end in the alveoli, or
air sacs. Oxygen follows this path
and passes through the walls of
the air sacs and blood vessels and
enters the blood stream. At the
same time, carbon dioxide passes
into the lungs and is exhaled.
Endocrine System
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The endocrine system is made up
of a group of glands that produce
the body's long-distance
messengers, or hormones.
Hormones are chemicals that
control body functions, such as
metabolism, growth, and sexual
development. The glands, which
include the pituitary gland, thyroid
gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal
glands, thymus gland, pineal body,
pancreas, ovaries, and testes,
release hormones directly into the
bloodstream, which transports the
hormones to organs and tissues
throughout the body.
Interesting Facts about the
Human Body
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The thickness of your skin varies from 1/2 to 6 millimeters, depending on the area of your body.
The four taste zones on your tongue are bitter (back), sour (back sides), salty (front sides), and sweet (front).
The five senses are sight, hearing, smell, touch, and taste.
Your body contains eight pints of blood.
You use 14 muscles to smile and 43 to frown.
The strongest muscle of the body is the masseter muscle, which is located in the jaw.
Muscles normally account for 40 percent of one's body weight.
There are 230 joints in the body.
Kids have 20 first teeth. Adults have 32 teeth.
The small intestines are about 25 feet long.
The large intestines are five feet long and are three times wider than the small intestines.
Most people shed 40 pounds of skin in a lifetime.
Your body is 70 percent water.
Normal body temperature is 98.6° Fahrenheit.
When you sneeze, air rushes through your nose at a rate of 100 mph.
An eyelash lives about 150 days before it falls out.
Your brain sends messages at the rate of 240 mph.
About 400 gallons of blood flow through your kidneys in one day.
You blink your eyes about 20,000 times a day.
Your heart beats about 100,000 times a day.
Humans breathe 20 times per minute, more than 10 million times per year and about 700 million times in a
lifetime.
You have about 100,000 hairs on your head.
There are 10 million nerve cells in your brain.
Each of your eyes has 120 million rods, which help you see in black and white.
Each eye has six million cones, which help you see in color.
One in 12 men is color blind.
Placed end to end, all your body's blood vessels would measure about 62,000 miles.
Part II
Exercise &
Injury Prevention
Exercise
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Exercise is not only fun, it is also good for your body, mind, and
overall well-being. Kids who exercise on a regular basis often do
better in school, sleep better, don't feel as tired, are less likely to get
hurt while exercising, and are stronger than less active children.
Exercise also relieves stress and helps promote good behavior.

There are two types of exercise, aerobic and anaerobic. When you
do an aerobic exercise, such as walking, running, swimming, inline
skating, jumping rope, playing soccer, dancing, bicycling, or playing
hockey, you increase your heart rate and the flow of oxygen-rich
blood to the muscles. Aerobic exercise builds endurance and burns
fat and calories. Doctors recommend that people do 30 minutes of
aerobic exercise every day. When you do an anaerobic exercise,
such as weight-lifting or push-ups, which involve short bursts of
exertion, you build strength and muscle mass.
Injury Prevention
Injury prevention is possible if you are prepared for your activity, both
physically and mentally. Don't succumb to the weekend warrior
syndrome by doing more than your training allows. However, you also
need to balance training with rest to avoid overuse injuries. Follow
these tips:
 Wear and use proper gear for your sport/dance, including helmets,
pads, shoes, sunglasses, gloves and clothing appropriate for
activity.
 Understand the rules and follow them. They are in place for a
reason.
 A good warm up. Warm up slowly before activity. This is especially
important in sports/dance that require quick, dynamic movements.
 Always use proper body mechanics in sports/dance involving
repetitive stress to the upper extremities. If necessary, get skills'
training from a certified coach or instructor.
 Listen to your body. Pain is a warning sign of injury. You should
not work through pain, but stop or slow your activity until the pain
subsides.
 Train for your sport/dance. Use specific skills training to prepare
for your sport/dance.
 Cross train for overall conditioning and to allow specific muscles
to rest. Cross training will also alleviate boredom and staleness.
Immediate Injury Treatment
If you suffer an acute injury, such as a strain or pull, immediately stop
activity and use the R.I.C.E. method of treatment.
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R-est will prevent further injury and will allow healing.
I-ce will stop swelling. It constricts injured blood vessels
and limits the bleeding in the injured area.
C-ompression further limits swelling and supports the
injured joint.
E-levation uses gravity to reduce swelling in the injured
area by reducing blood flow.
It is important to begin R.I.C.E. as soon after injury as possible. Use a
sheet or towel to protect the skin and apply ice immediately. Next wrap
an elastic bandage around the ice and injured area.Don't wrap this so
tightly that you cut off the blood supply, but it should be snug. Leave
ice on for about 15 minutes every three hours or so during the day.
Once the swelling decreases, you can begin gentle range of motion
exercises for the affected joint.
When to See A Doctor
Most acute injuries can be attended to using R.I.C.E., but some
injuries need to be seen and treated by a physician. You should call
your doctor if you experience any of the following:
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severe pain or if pain persists for more than two weeks in a joint or
bone.
pain radiates to another area of the body
you have 'point tenderness.' That is, you can cause pain by
pressing on a specific area, but pain is not produced at the same
point on the other side of the body.
you have any injury to a joint that produces significant swelling. If
left untreated, joint injuries can become permanent.
you cannot move the injured part.
there is persistent numbness, tingling or weakness in the injured
area.
your injury doesn't heal in three weeks.
you have an infection with pus, red streaks, a fever, or swollen
lymph nodes
Healing from Injuries
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Healing from sports injuries can take some time. After swelling is reduced,
healing is dependent upon blood supply. A good blood supply will help
move nutrients, oxygen, and infection fighting cells to the damaged area to
work on repair. Athletes/Dancers tend to have a better blood supply, and
heal faster than those with chronic illness, smokers, or those with sedentary
lifestyles. Ultimately, healing time varies from person to person, and you
can not force it to happen.
Average Healing Times
For someone in reasonable shape, the following are the average length of
time to heal for various injuries:
Fractured finger or toe: 3 to 5 weeks.
Fractured clavicle: 6 to 10 weeks.
Sprained ankle: minor - 5 days; severe - 3 to 6 weeks.
Mild contusion: 5 days.
Muscle pulls: a few days to several weeks. This is dependent upon the
severity and location of the injury.
Mild shoulder separation: 7 to 14 days.
Returning to Sports/Dance
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Healing time for any injury can be longer if you return to activity too
soon. You should never exercise the injured part if you have pain
during rest. When the injured part no longer hurts at rest, start
exercising it slowly with simple range of motion exercises. If you feel
pain, stop and rest. Over time, you can return to activity at a very
low intensity, and build up to your previous level. Increase intensity
of exercise only when you can do so without pain.
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You may find that the injured part is now more susceptible to reinjury and you should pay close attention to any warning signs of
over doing it. Soreness, aches and tension must be acknowledged
or you may end up with an even more serious injury. And finally,
return to the above and practice injury prevention strategies from
now on.