Transcript Histology

September 23, 2013
Standard: SAP1e: Describe how structure and function are related in
terms of cell and tissue types.
WARM-UP:
1. The movement of substances into and out of a cell without the use of energy is called
A. active transport
C. exocytosis
B. passive transport
D. endocytosis
2. The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high
concentration to low concentration is called
A. active transport
C. osmosis
B. diffusion
D. hypotonic
3. A type of membrane which allows only certain molecules to pass through is called
A. hypertonic
C. active
B. selectively permeable
D. porous
4. A cell placed in a solution shrinks by the process of osmosis. What kind of solution is outside
the cell?
A. hypotonic
C. active
B. hypertonic
D. Isotonic
5. If the solution surrounding a cell has a lower concentration of solutes than inside the cell,
water will move into the cell through osmosis, causing it to expand. What kind of solution is
surrounding the cell?
A. active
C. hypertonic
B. passive
D. hypotonic
Open books to pgTissues
88
Tissues -Groups of cells with specialized
function
Four types of human tissue:
1. Epithelial tissue (covering)
2. Connective tissue (support)
3. Muscle tissue (movement)
4. Nervous tissue (control)
Epithelial Tissue
Where is this tissue found?
1. Covers all free surfaces
2. Lines hollow organs
3. The major tissue composing glands
Apical surface- is exposed to the body’s exterior
or cavity of an internal organ
Basement membrane- the structure that the lower
surface of an epithelium rests on
Epithelium is given (2) names:
1. Relative number of cell layers
Ex. Simple epithelium (one layer)
Stratified epithelium (several layers)
2. Shape of the cells
Ex. Squamos (scale) cuboidal (cube),
columnar (columns)
Characteristics of epithelial tissue
• Anchored to underlying connective tissue
by basement membrane.
• Lacks a blood supply.
• Replaced continuously and quickly.
Characteristics:
• Functions: protection, secretion,
absorption, excretion.
Cancer originating in epithelium?
Carcinoma
*90% of human cancers
*Most begin on surfaces in contact with
external environment.
Usually forms membranes where
filtration or exchange of
substances occur by diffusion
*air sacs of the lungs
Common in glands and their ducts
*salivary glands
*pancreas
*walls of kidney tubules
*surface of ovaries
Contains “tall” cells known as
goblet cells that produce a
lubricating mucus
*entire length of digestive tract from
stomach to anus
-Some cells are shorter than
others and nuclei appear at
different heights
-Gives a false impression that it’s
stratified
-Functions in absorption and
secretions
*most of respiratory tract
Found in sites that receive a great
deal of abuse and friction
*esophagus, mouth, outer portion of
skin
Fairly rare in the body
*ducts of large glands
-Highly modified, stratified
squamos epithelium
-Forms the lining of a few organs
where stretching occurs
-Cells can slide past one another
and change shape
*urinary bladder, ureter, & urethra
(urinary system)
DRAWINGS:
1.Simple and stratified
2.Squamos, cuboidal, & columnar
3.Simple squamos
4.Simple cuboidal
5.Simple columnar
6.Pseudostratified (ciliated) columnar
7.Stratified squamos
8.Transitional
DRAWINGS:
1. Pg 87 a & b
2. Pgs 88-89 diagrams a-f
*use photomicrograph photo for drawing
*Labels - use straight lines to the right of drawing
*Title & Magnification should be on top of all
drawings
*2 drawings per page (half page each drawing)
*include where in the body tissue is found at the
bottom of the drawing ex. lungs
Connective tissue
• Most diverse tissue.
• Functions – connect, support, protect, fill
spaces, store fat, produce blood cells,
protect against infection, repair damaged
tissues.
• Composed of collagen and elastic fibers.
• Contains an extracellular matrix- made of
proteins, water, polysaccharides (many
sugars) and fibers
Examples of Connective tissue:
1. Adipose tissue – stores fat.
2. Dense fibrous connective tissue –
mostly collagen; tendons, ligaments,
whites of eyes.
3. Loose connective tissues-softer and
have more cells, and fewer fibers
4. CARTILAGE- lacks direct blood supply
(slow to heal)
1. Hyaline cartilage- rubbery with a
“glassy” blue-white appearance; attaches
rib to breastbone, skeleton of a fetus,
covers joints
2. fibrocartilage- forms cushion-like discs
between the vertebrae
3. Elastic cartilage- found where
elasticity is needed Ex. external ear
4. Areolar Tissue- “cobwebby” tissue that
cushions and protects body organs it wrapsasks as a “sponge”
5. Bone – hardest CT; active tissue, heals
rapidly.
6. Reticular – consists of fibers that form the
stroma (bed) which support free blood cells
7. Blood – transports substances (RBC), fights
infection (WBC).
September 19, 2012
Warm-Up:
Take out your TISSUES concept map and
complete the Muscles & Nervous Tissue
part using pg 98.
Muscle tissue
• Function – muscle tissue contracts to
move attached structures.
• Three types of muscle tissue:
– Skeletal muscle
– Smooth muscle
– Cardiac muscle
Skeletal Muscle
•
•
•
•
Attached to bones
Fleshy part of our body
Voluntary (conscious) action
Cells are long, cylindrical, and
multinucleate; obvious striations (stripes)
Cardiac muscle
• Found only in the heart
• Involuntary control
• A cross between skeletal and smooth
muscle.
• Has striations, but uninucleate and short
Smooth muscle
• Found in the walls of hollow organs
(stomach, bladder, uterus, and blood
vessels)
• No striations visible, cells have pointed
ends
• Involuntary action
• Peristalsis- slow wavelike motion that
keeps food moving through small intestine
Nervous Tissue
• Function – control and communication.
• Where is it found?
– Brain
– Spinal cord
– Nerves
• Neuron – basic cell type
– Most complex cell in the body.
• Neuroglial cells – supporting cells that
bind together neurons.
DRAWINGS:
PGS 92-94 (a-h)
Follow same drawing rules as before.
1. (a) Cross-sectional - ground bone
2. (b) Hyaline cartilage – trachea
3. (c) Fibrocartilage – intervertebral disc
4. (d) Dense fibrous connective tissue – tendon
5. (e) Areolar connective tissue
6. (f) Adipose tissue – layer beneath the skin
7. (g) Reticular connective tissue
8. (h) Human blood
DRAWINGS:
*use photomicrograph photo for drawing
*Labels - use straight lines to the right of drawing
*Title and magnification should be on top of all
drawings
*2 drawings per page (half page each drawing)
*include where in the body tissue is found ex. lungs