Transcript Connective_Muscle and Nervous Tissue CP spring semester

Warm up
1.What do a bunch of cells together make up?
(Hint think about the levels of organization:
atoms- molecules- cells……
2.What is a tissue?
Daily Warm Up 9/23/10 DUE NOW: lab and tissue sheets
1. What is the function of Pseudostratified
Columnar Epithelial tissues?
2. Why do epithelial tissues divide rapidly?
3. What is the location of stratified
squamous epithelial tissuse?
4. Which tissue is located in the bladder
and uterus and can stretch and contract?
T/F:
1. Each day 77 people receive an organ or tissue
transplant and 19 people die each day waiting?
2. The average adult has 5Liters of blood?
Daily warm up 9/24
1.
2.
3.
4.
Stratified Columnar Epithelium
Epithelial,Connective,
Muscle and Nervous
Tissues
Chapter 5 in your textbook
General Epithelial Tissues
1. They are found throughout the body:
covering organs, forming inner linings
of body cavities .
2. They are anchored to Connective
Tissues by the basement membrane.
3. They lack blood vessels.
IF they do not have blood vessels how
do you think they receive nutrients?
General Epithelial Tissues
1. They divide
rapidly.
2. They are tightly
packed together.
3. They are
classified
according to
their layers of
cells.
General Epithelial Tissues
How do you think the characteristics
we just listed relate to what epithelial
tissues do?
They divide rapidly- how does that help
the body?
Injuries can heal rapidly
to these tissues, skin and
stomach cells are continually
damaged and replaced
quickly.
General Epithelial Tissues
• They are tightly
packed- how does
this help the cell?
• They form protective
barriers in places like the
outer skin, and your
mouth.
TYPES OF EPITHELIAL CELLS:
Classified by layers
Simple: composed of a single layer of
cells.
Stratified: those with two or more layers
of cells.
Squamous: Flattened cells.
Cuboidal: Those with cubed shaped cells.
Columnar: Elongated cells.
TYPES OF EPITHELIAL CELLS:
Classified by layers
1. Simple Squamous Epithelium
What is Simple
Squamous Epithelium?
Where would you find it?
What is its function?
Simple Squamous Epithelium
What is Simple Squamous Epithelium?
Thin (One layer), flattened cells
Fit tightly together with flat nuclei
Substances pass through easily by diffusion
Where would you find it?
Lines the lungs where O2 and CO2 are
exchanged.
Lines the walls of capillaries, blood and
lymph vessels.
What is its function?
Helps gases exchange and other chemicals.
Simple Squamous Epithelium
2. Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
What is Simple
Cuboidal Epithelium?
Where would you find
it?
What is its function?
Simple Cubodial Epithelium
What is Simple Cuboidal Epithelium?
Single layer of cells
 Cubed shaped cells with a central
nucleus.
Where would you find it?
Covers the ovaries.
Lines the kidneys and ducts of certain
glands such as: salivary glands, thyroid,
pancreas and liver.
What is its function?
Functions in secretion and absorption.
Simple Cuboidal Epithelial
Simple Columnar Epithelium
What is Simple Columnar
Epithelium?
Where would you find it?
What is its function?
Simple Columnar Epithelium
What is Simple Columnar Epithelium?
Elongated cells (longer than they are wide)
 Single layer of cells.
Nucleus near the basement membrane
Can have cilia that help in movement
Where would you find it?
Lines the uterus (help move eggs to uterus).
Lines the organs of the digestive tract
What is its function?
Thick tissues to protect.
Secretes digestive fluids and absorbs
nutrients from digested food.
Simple Columnar Epithelium
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
What is Pseudostratified
Columnar Epithelium?
Where would you find
it?
What is its function?
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
 What is Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium?
Elongated cells (longer than they are wide)
 Appears to have more than one layer but does
not.
Nucleus is located at different ends which gives
it the layer look.
Have cilia
 Where would you find it?
Lines the passage of the respiratory system.
 What is its function?
Sticky to trap dust and microorganisms that
enter with air. The cilia move the captured
particles up and out of the airways.
Goblet cells secrete mucus to help move dust.
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
What is Stratified
Squamous Epithelium?
Where would you find
it?
What is its function?
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
What is Stratified Squamous Epithelium?
Lots of layers of the cell.
 Flattened because cells divide and push the
older ones outward where they are flattened.
Where would you find it?
Forms the outer layer of the skin (your
epidermis)
Soft tissue part forms in the vagina
What is its function?
They produce keratin a protein that produces
a dry, tough, protective material that
prevents water and other substances from
entering or leaving.
Protects and lines the vagina without keratin.
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium
What is Stratified
Cuboidal Epithelium?
Where would you find
it?
What is its function?
Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium
What is Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium?
2 or 3 layers of cuboidal cells.
Where would you find it?
Lines the lumen
Lines the glands: mammary glands, sweat
glands, salivary glands, and pancreas.
What is its function?
Gives more protection than a single layer
does.
Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium
Stratified Columnar Epithelium
What is Stratified
Columnar Epithelium?
Where would you
find it?
What is its function?
Stratified Columnar Epithelium
What is Stratified Columnar Epithelium?
Several layers of columnar cells.
Superficial layer of columnar cells next to
layers of cuboidal cells.
Where would you find it?
Male reproductive organs
What is its function?
Allows the organ to contract and stretch.
Stratified Columnar Epithelium
Transitional Epithelium
What is Transitional
Epithelium?
Where would you find it?
What is its function?
Transitional Epithelium
What is Transitional Epithelium?
Specialized type of epithelium cells
Can be stretched or unstretched (ovals)
Where would you find it?
The liner of the bladder, uterus and urethra.
What is its function?
They can change because of increased
tension.
So they help organs expand- bladder when it
is full then returns to normal.
Stops urine from going back into the system.
Transitional Epithelium Unstretched
Transitional Epithelium
STOP: Tissue Practice
1. Tissue worksheet practice
QUITELY!!
2. Tissue activity walk around.
First without notes- see what you
remember- second time with
notes!
3. Tomorrow- Epithelial tissue
microscope lab and practice.
The 8 Connective Tissues
1. Loose Connective Tissue
2. Adipose Tissue (fat tissue)
3. Dense Connective Tissue
4. Blood
5. Bone
6. Hyaline Cartilage
7. Fibrocartilage
8. Elastic Cartilage
General Characteristics of
Connective Tissues
Binds structures
Provides support and protection
Fill spaces
Stores fat
Produce blood cells
Protect against infections
Help repair tissue damage
General Functions of
Connective Tissues
They divide easily.
Have a large blood supply and are well
nourished. (this is where epithelial cells
receive blood and nutrients).
Connected to epithelial cells below the
basement membrane.
Some have a fixed number of cells and
some are temporary and appear when
needed in response to injury or infection.
Loose Connective TissueAreolar tissue
• What is Areolar
Tissue?
• Where would you
find it?
• What is its
function?
Loose Connective Tissue- Areolar tissue
What is Loose Connective tissue?
Tissue that forms delicate thin
membranes throughout the body.
Where would you find it?
Underneath epithelial cells to nourish
them.
Fills the spaces between
skin and organs or muscles.
Loose Connective Tissue- Areolar tissue
What is it’s
function?
Binds organs
together
Holds tissue
fluids
Protects,
insulates and
stores fat
Adipose Tissue
What is adipose
tissue?
Where would
you find it?
What is its
function?
Adipose Tissue
What is Adipose tissue?
Fat
When cells store fat in droplets within
their cytoplasm and enlarge.
Where would you find it?
Beneath skin, around kidneys or organs,
on surface of the heart.
Around the eyeballs and certain joints as
well as spaces between muscle.
Adipose Tissue
What is its function?
Cushions joints and some organs
Insulates beneath the skin
Stores energy
When adipose cells become too numerous
the crowd the cell and other cells forming fat
tissue.
Dense Connective Tissue
• What is Dense
Connective tissue?
• Where would you
find it?
• What is its function?
Dense Connective Tissue
What is Dense Connective tissue?
Closely packed thick collagenous fibers
and elastic fibers.
Very strong to withstand pulling forces.
Where would you find it?
Ligaments and tendons
The white part of your eye.
Deep skin layers
Dense Connective Tissue
What is it’s function?
Binds body parts together through
tendons (muscle to bone) or ligaments
(bone to bone)
Protects the eye
Blood supply is poor so tissue repair is
poor.
How many of you have ever torn a ligament
or tendon? These dense tissues are why it
takes so long to recover!
STOP Review Loose Connective
Tissue activity- Foldable.
First three Slides for Microscope
Lab activity
Specialized Connective Tissues:
1. Blood
What is
blood?
Where
would you
find it?
What is its
function?
Blood
What is Blood Tissue?
Red blood cells,
white blood cells and
platelets that are in a
fluid of plasma.
Where would you find
it?
Formed in the red
marrow within the
hollow parts of certain
long bones
Blood
What is the function?
Transports materials between body cells
Helps maintain stable internal
homeostasis.
Bone
What is bone?
Where would you
find it?
What is its
function?
Bone
What is Bone Tissue?
Rigid and hard tissue
formed by minerals such as
Calcium
Where would you find it?
The skeletal system
throughout your body!
What is the function?
Internally supports the
body structure
Attachment for
muscles
Protects cranial organs
and thoracic organs
Contains and produces
red blood cells as well
as calcium and
phosphorus
Heals more rapidly
than cartilage
Bone
Cartilage General Characteristics
Three types:
Hayline Cartilage
Elastic Cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Rigid Connective Tissue
Provides support
Protects
Lack a direct blood supply, get minimal blood
by diffusion but not enough- so healing to
cartilage is slow.
Elastic Cartilage
What is Elastic
Cartilage?
Where would you
find it?
What is its
function?
Elastic Cartilage
Functions and location:
Very elastic and flexible
External ears and parts of the
larynx
Fibrocartilage
What is
Fibrocartilage?
Where would
you find it?
What is its
function?
A very tough
tissue
A shock absorber
for structures that
are subjected to
pressure.
For example
cushions bones in
the knees and
between
vertebrates in the
spinal column.
Fibrocartilage
Hyaline Cartilage
What is Hyaline
Cartilage?
Where would you
find it?
What is its
function?
Hyaline Cartilage
Most common
Important in the
growth of bones
Found in the ends of
bone, joints, the soft
part of the nose, and
respiratory passage
STOP: Connective Tissues Activities
Flip chart of all tissues!
Worksheet
Finish microscope lab of connective
tissues
Muscle Tissues
Characteristics:
They are contractile- the elongated
cells can shorten and lengthen.
As the contract, muscle fibers pull at
the attached end causing body parts
to move.
Three types of muscle tissues:
1. Skeletal Muscle tissue
2. Smooth Muscle tissue
3. Cardiac Muscle tissue
Cardiac Muscle
What is Cardiac
Muscle?
Where would
you find it?
What is its
function?
Cardiac Muscle
 What is it?
Cells are striated and
 joined end to end.
One nuclei
 Where do you find it?
Only in the heart
 What is it’s function?
Involuntary (works without you knowing or
thinking)
Pumps blood through the heart chambers and
into blood vessels.
Internal volume can change as it pumps blood
and contracts
Cardiac Muscle
Skeletal Muscle
What is Skeletal
Muscle?
Where would you
find it?
What is its
function?
Skeletal Muscle
What is it?
Voluntary muscle
(controlled by conscious
effort)
Lots of nuclei in each cell
Has striations
Where is it?
Found in
muscles that
attach bone.
Skeletal Muscle
What is its function?
Nerves stimulate the muscle fiber to
contract and relax
This helps us move our head, trunk, and
limbs.
Enable us to make facial expressions, write,
talk, sing, chew, breath and so forth!
Basically concerned with whole body
movement
Skeletal Muscle
Smooth Muscle
What is Smooth
Muscle?
Where would you
find it?
What is its
function?
What is it?
Smooth Muscle
No striations
Short and spindle shaped, with single
central nucleus
Involuntary actions
Where is it?
The walls of
organs (stomach,
intestine, bladder,
blood vessels)
Internal volume can
Change to contract
Nervous tissue
What is Nervous
tissue?
Where would you
find it?
What is its
function?
Nervous Tissue
What is it?
Made up of cells of neurons- which
sense changes in their surroundings
Where is it?
The brain, spinal cord and peripheral
nerves.
Nervous Tissue
What is the function?
Transmit nerve impulses to other
neurons, muscles or glands.
They communicate with other cells
and muscles and tell body functions
what to do.