Transcript Our Body97_2003 - mrsrohrerlifescience

By Hamza, Katie and Omi
OUR BODY
MUSCLES AND
NERVES
Adventure!!!!!
Hey everyone!! We are the “Body buddies” we explore
the body so we can know how to protect ourselves
and live healthy fun lives. Today we are talking about
the Muscles and Nerves .We have a question, our
question is “how do muscles help our body and our
daily lives “. Well to answer that question we need to
know what we are dealing with so lets explore into the
muscles so that we can answer our questions. Come
on lets go!!!!!!
The muscles
“We need a little help so we have Dr.H he can help us with all the information we need. So Dr.H how
important are muscles to our body“. “Well are the most responsible for the shape of our body. We
have the skeletal muscles which are attached to bones by tissue known as tendons. The tiny fibers
form a pattern of narrow bands also known as the striped muscle. There is also a muscle called
smooth muscle. These muscles are located in the inside of your organs.’’ But we heard that they have
many specialized jobs what kind.” Well they are responsible for pushing food around your guts“
“What about the heart isn't that a muscle?’’ “Yes the heart has cardiac muscle that makes up the thick
walls of the heart. They have specialized structure that means it should never fatigue or get tired
pumping blood all the time even when sleeping.”
Muscle growth and shapes
“Wow that was a lot of information. None of us knew those muscles did that
much for our body.” ”But that is not all.” “ When doing functions like pushing
food, lifting, physical movement, and pumping blood. Muscles need to grow
and this growth is done by exercise. When you exercise muscle fibers are
damaged and when you rest the brain tells you to build bigger and stronger
muscle fibers. That’s why you ache after working out .”’ Also when exercising
the blood vessels branch throughout the muscle. Most of the time vessels
widen and the heart pumps blood faster’’ “ Is there just one type of muscle or
many types?” “ They are many types of muscles like strap, triangular, sheet , and
splicter muscles. But most of the muscle are connected by tendons also nerves.
Nerves tell the muscles when to contract and by how much. There is also flexor
and extensors a flexor is a muscle that flexes and a extensor is a muscle that
extends
Infections and Muscle Disorders
“But when you don’t keep your muscles healthy they can have infections or cause
disorders.” “What kind of disorders do you mean Doc” “Well muscle disorders can
cause pain weakness or even paralysis. Some are caused by injury or overuse sprains
or even genetics. Some cancers are the cause or inflammation such as Myositis.
Myositis is a inflammation in the skeletal muscle. This mostly happens when injury or
an infection in the muscle. The disease dermatomyositis and polymysitis both are
involved by myositis. Polymysitis cause weakness in the muscle. Dermatomyositis
like polymysitis cause weakness and a skin rash. Other diseases damage nerves the
affects the function of muscles.” “ But Doc can some meds can have side affects that
effects the muscle”. “ Yah definitely that’s why you need to check your meds for side
effects. Other diseases like Muscle cramps, Muscle aches, Kegel exercises,
Fasciculation of muscle, Muscle biopsy , Charley horse , McArdle syndrome (glycogen
storage disease type V), Muscular dystrophy, Muscle atrophy, Strains first aid can also
effect the muscle
RECAP!!!
“Wow I never knew that muscles could have that much impact on the body.’’
“And there is much more information we still need to know.” “Well thanks Dr.H
we appreciate it all the info you have given us”. “Your so welcome”. “But what
controls the muscles and tells what the muscle feels?” “Well that’s easy the brain
and the nerves do that”. “What are nerves and how do they do it?” “ Well lets
find out!!”
Relationships:
Respiratory
Cardiac
Digestive
Excretory
Skeletal
The Brain and nerves
“Well since Dr.H helped us with muscles we are going to have a new expert
Dr.K”. “Hello Dr.K can you help us understand Nerves and how they work”. “Well
yes I can but first I will like to show you a diagram of the brain and all the parts to
get started.” “Ok cool lets see!!”
“Well the brain is the
headquarters and sends
signals to all parts of the
body. In humans brain
and spinal cord are formed
very early in the embryonic
development stage. The
brain functions are to
control all physical and
mental action. The sizes of
brain differ in many
species
Parts of brain and sizes!!!!!!
“The brain forms as a tube. During embryonic development starts out small then enlarges into 3 hollow
swellings that form the brain. The brain stem is the most primitive part of the brain that is the smallest. The
brain stem is connected to the spinal cord an is often made of hind brain and mid brain. Mid brain consists
of connections between hind brain and the fore brain. Mammals only use this for eye reflexes. The Spinal
Cord is connected to the brain and is about the diameter of a human finger. From the brain the spinal cord
descends down the middle of the back and is surrounded and protected by the bony vertebral column The
spinal cord is surrounded by a clear fluid called Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF), that acts as a cushion to protect
the delicate nerve tissues against damage from banging against the inside of the vertebrae. The cerebellum is
the third part of the hind brain but it considered part of the brain stem. This controls your body movement
posture , balance, and some motor controls. Fore brain consist of the diencephalon and cerebrum. Parts
diencephalon consists of thalamus and hypothalamus. The thalamus acts as a switching center for the nerves
messages. The hypothalamus is a major homeostatic center having the nerves and endocrine functions.”
The Physical Brain:
.Cat-30 grams
.Dog(beagle)-72 grams
.Human(infant)-400 grams
.Human(adult)-14000 grams
.Bottlenose Dolphin-1500 grams
.Elephant-6000 grams
.Sperm Whale-7800 grams
Nervous System
“Nerves help us fell and interact in the world. But there is many nerves the
help. Cranial nerves connect your sense organs(eyes, ears, nose, mouth) to
your brain. Central nerves connect areas within the brain and spinal cord.
Peripheral nerves connect the spinal cord with your limbs. Automatic nerves
connect the brain and spinal cord with your organs(heart, stomach, intestines,
blood vessels, etc). Sensory organs are the information inputs that tell the
brain about the outside world and motor neurons are cells that control
motion.”
This is a
neuron
diagram.
Brain and nerves
diseases
“There are many diseases that can affect the brain and nerves. Like
Epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, viral encephalitis, and Alzheimer‘s.
Alzheimer’s is a brain disorder named after German physician Alois
Alzheimer who first discovered it in 1906. Scientist have learned a
great deal about the disease since Alois drew attention to it. Today we
know it is a progressive fatal disease. As many as 5.3 million Americans
are living with this disease. This disease makes you forget slowly over
time until your brain forgets to do simple tasks like swallowing and
breathing. Epilepsy is a brain disorder involving repeated, spontaneous
seizures of any type. Seizures are episodes of disturbed brain function
that cause changes in attention or behavior. They are caused by
abnormally excited electrical signals in the brain.”
Recap
“Wow that’s amazing thank you so much I’ll never
take my brain and nerves for granted again thanks
Mr. K”. “Your so welcome its always good to teach
the young kids” . “And thank you Dr. H. Well that’s all
until next time… Body Buddies are out!!!!!!!
Relationship:
.All other systems because the brain controls all of
the systems
Credits
www.alz.org
www.medicinenet.com
www.health.howstuffworks.com
www.faqs.org/faqs/
“Look at your body Muscles” book
Mrs. Rohrer
Mr. H, Mr. K, and Body Buddies !!!!