Transcript CSD 3000 DEAFNESS IN SOCIETY

CSD 2230
HUMAN COMMUNICATION
DISORDERS
Topic 3
Introductory Anatomy and Physiology
of the Speech, Voice and Auditory
System
The Laryngeal and Articulatory/Resonating
Systems
Speech Production Process
The Laryngeal System
Functions:
1. Biological
 Prevents foreign
objects from
entering the trachea
 Coughing
2. Speech
 voicing
Structural Support
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Hyoid bone
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Arytenoid
cartilages
Epiglottis
Structural Support
Vocal Folds
Points of attachment:
 Thyroid cartilage
 Artenoid cartilages
Vocal Folds and
Their Points of Attachment




Thyroid
Arytenoid
Glottis
CD ROM demo
12.01 and
12.05
Muscles of the Larynx
A number of muscles that assist in the
movement of the vocal folds and larynx
Three groups
Extrinsic Laryngeal Muscles
These muscles have one
point of attachment on
some structure of the
larynx and another point of
attachment on structure
outside the larynx
Intrinsic Muscles of the Larynx
These muscles have
both points of
attachment within
the larynx
 Muscles of abduction
 Muscles of adduction
 Tensor muscles
Supplemental Muscles
of the Larynx
These muscles have one
point of attachment
on the hyoid bone
and course either
above or below
1. Suprahyoid
•
Work to raise the larynx
2. Infrahyoid
•
Work to drop the larynx
Some Major
Laryngeal Muscles
Posterior
cricoarytenoid
 Intrinsic laryngeal
muscle
 Only muscle that
abducts the fold
Some Major Laryngeal
Muscles
Lateral cricoarytenoid
and Interarytenoids
 Intrinsic laryngeal
muscles
 muscles that adduct
the folds
Some Major
Laryngeal Muscles
Thyroarytenoid and
Cricothyriod
 Intrinsic laryngeal
muscles
 muscles that tense
the larynx
The Articulatory/Resonating
System
Divisions of the vocal tract
1. The pharyngeal cavity
2. The oral cavity
3. The nasal cavity
The Skull
Structural support
system
Major Landmarks
of the Skull for Speech
Major landmarks include:
 Maxilla, mandible, zygomatic bone and arch,
temporomandibular joint, temporal bone, and
mastoid
Important Structures
of the Vocal Tract
Teeth
 16 pairs for 32 total
 Imbedded within the
alveolar processes of
the mandible and
maxilla
 Think about /f/ and
/th/
Important Structures
of the vocal Tract
Hard palate
 Maxilla
 Think about /t/ and
/s/
Important Structures
of the Vocal Tract
Velum
 Soft tissue
 Think about /k/ and /g/
 Biological purpose of the
velum is to separate the
oral cavity from the nasal
cavity
 CD ROM demos
 11.07 and 11.08
Model of the Biological
Function of the Velum
Hard and Soft Palates


Hard palate
Soft palate (velum)
Important Structures
of the Vocal Tract
The tongue
A number of extrinsic
and intrinsic musles
make up the tongue
Major Muscles of the Tongue
Responsible for
moving the tongue
around in the oral
cavity
Life-Span Issues of the
Articulatory/Resonating System
1.
Skull
 Size
 Number of separate plates
 Fusing of plates
2.
3.
Lower bones of the face
Tongue and lips
Speech Production Process
Vibration of the vocal folds
1.
•
2.
The glottal source
Modification of the glottal source by
the vocal tract
Phonation


Folds are adducted
by contraction of the
intrinsic larygeal
adductors
Glottis closes
Phonation

Subglottic pressure
increases
Phonation
1. Subglottic pressure
reaches a critical level
and blows the vocal
folds apart
2. Air rushing through the
glottis causes negative
pressure that helps
pull the folds back
together
•
Bernoulli Effect
Important Characteristics
of the Glottal Source
1. Fundamental Frequency
 Rate of vocal fold vibration
 Determines the pitch of the voice
2. Spectrum
3. CD ROM demos
 12.06 and 12.08
Spectrum of the
Glottal Source
Articulatory
Classification System