Transcript File

Computer Applications to Business
Lecture 01-02
Introduction to computers , Components
of a computer, Classification of
computers and Personal Computers
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Introduction to computer
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Introduction to computer
• Computer is an electronic device.
• It is capable of receiving input,
• processing the data on the basis of set of
given instructions,
• producing the output and
• capable of storing the information (if
required).
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Components of a Computer
• Input Devices
• Output Devices
• Storage Devices
• System Unit
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Input Devices
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Input Devices
• Keyboard
• Mouse
• Trackball
• TrackPad
• Microphone
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Input Devices
• Barcode Reader
• Web cam
• Digital Camera
• Joy Stick
• Game Controller
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Output Devices
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Output Devices
• Monitor
• Printer
• Speakers
• Headphones
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Storage Devices
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Storage Devices
• Hard Drive
• Floppy Drive
• CD, DVD, BRD Drives
• USB
• RAM
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System Unit
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Motherboard
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Motherboard
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Classification of computers
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Classification of computers on the
basis of shape and size
•
Supercomputer
• Mainframe
• Minicomputer
• Microcomputer
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Supercomputer
• Super Computer are the largest, fastest and
most expensive special purpose computer in
the world.
• They are designed to process scientific jobs
like either to do scientific research or other
especial purposes.
• for example; CRAY
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Mainframe
• Mainframe Computer are larger than Mini
computer but it is smaller than Super computer.
• Mainframe computers are also multi-user system
therefore more than 100 users can work at the
same time with one Mainframe computer.
• They are used in the hotels, industries, banks,
airlines, etc.
• for example; IBM 240.
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Minicomputer
• The Mini computer is medium in size i.e. it is also
general purpose computer but unlike Micro
computer.
• It serves the multiple users i.e. many users can
work at the same time with the single mini
computers to performs data processing,
programming, designing and other jobs.
• They are used in Government Offices, University,
Banks, Industries, Hotels etc.
• for example; HP 3000.
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Microcomputer
• The Micro computer is the smallest computer
system.
• The size of computer ranges from the size of
calculator to the size of desktop computer.
• It is commonly used in offices, homes, schools
etc.
• Micro computer are also referred to as personal
computer (PC), Desktop computer, Home
computer or Laptops etc.
• for example; IBM PC, IBM AT(Advanced
Technology).
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Classification of computers on the
basis of purpose /use
1) General Purpose computers
2) Special purpose computers
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Classification of computers on the
basis of purpose /use
1) General Purpose computers
• These computers are designed to perform wide variety
of tasks (They are not limited)
• For example: The computers at your home, which can
be used to:
• Create and print documents
• Play music and video
• Play video games
• Check emails
• Browse the internet
• And many more..
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Classification of computers on the
basis of purpose /use
2) Special Purpose computers
• These computers are designed to perform
some specific task or set of tasks (They are
limited).
• For example:
• The computers at airline can only process
and store the data regarding flights.
• The computers at weather forecasting can
only predict the weather nothing else.
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Personal computer (PC)
• The computers which are designed to be used
by a single person at a time are known as
Personal Computers (PCs).
• PCs are also called microcomputers.
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Personal computer (PC)
• There are six primary type of computers which lie
under this category:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
Desktop computers
Workstations
Notebook computers
Tablet computers
Handheld computers
Smart phones
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Desktop computers
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Desktop computers
• The most common type of personal computer
is the desktop computer.
• A PC that is designed to sit on (or under) a
desk or table.
• These are the systems you see all around you,
in schools, homes, and offices.
• Today's desktop computers are far more
powerful than those of just a few years ago.
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Desktop computers
• Not only do these machines enable people to do
their jobs with greater ease and efficiency, but
they can be used :
–
–
–
–
–
to communicate,
produce music,
edit photographs and videos,
play sophisticated games, and
much more.
• Used by everyone from preschoolers to nuclear
physicists.
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Desktop computers
• The main component of a desktop PC is the
system unit.
• There are two common designs for desktop
computers.
1) Horizontally oriented system unit, which usually
lies flat on the top of the user’s desk. Many
users place their monitor on top of the system
unit.
2) Vertically oriented tower models have become
the more popular style of desktop system.
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Workstations
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Workstations
• A workstation is a specialized, single-user
computer that typically has more power and
features than a standard desktop PC.
• These machines are popular among scientists,
engineers, and animators who need a system
with greater-than-average speed and the
power to perform sophisticated tasks.
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Workstations
• Workstations often have large, high-resolution
monitors and accelerated graphics handling
capabilities, making them suitable for:
– advanced architectural or engineering design,
– modeling,
– animation, and
– video editing.
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Notebook Computers
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Notebook Computers
• Notebook computers, as their name implies,
approximate the shape of an 8.5-by-11-inch
notebook and easily fit inside a briefcase.
• Because people frequently set these devices
on their lap, they are also called laptop
computers.
• Notebook computers can operate on
alternating current or special batteries.
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Notebook Computers
• These amazing devices generally weight less than
eight pounds, and some even weight less than
three pounds.
• During use, the computer’s lid is raised to reveal a
thin monitor and a keyboard.
• When not in use, the device folds up for easy
storage.
• Notebooks are fully functional microcomputers;
the people who use them need the power of a
full-size desktop computer wherever they go.
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Notebook Computers
• Because of their portability, notebook PCs fall
into a category of devices called mobile
computers—systems small enough to be
carried by their user.
• Some notebook systems are designed to be
plugged into a docking station, which may
include a large monitor, a full-size keyboard
and mouse, or other devices
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Tablet PCs
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Tablet PCs
• The tablet PC is the newest development in
portable, full-featured computers.
• Tablet PCs offer all the functionality of a
notebook PC, but they are lighter and can
accept input from a special pen—called a
stylus or a digital pen—that is used to write
directly on the screen.
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Tablet PCs
• Many tablet PCs also have a built-in
microphone and special software that accepts
input from the user's voice.
• A few models even have a fold-out keyboard,
so they can be transformed into a standard
notebook PC.
• Some models also can be connected to a
keyboard and a full-size monitor.
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Handheld PCs
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Handheld PCs
• Handheld personal computers are computing devices
small enough to fit in your hand.
• A popular type of handheld computer is the personal
digital assistant (PDA).
• A PDA is no larger than a small appointment book and
is normally used for special applications, such as
– taking notes,
– displaying telephone numbers and addresses, and
– keeping track of dates or agendas.
• Many PDAs can be connected to larger computers to
exchange data.
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Handheld PCs
• Many PDAs let the user access the Internet
through a wireless connection.
• And several models offer features such as
• Cameras
• music players, and
• Global Positioning Systems (GPS).
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Smart Phones
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Smart Phones
• Smart phones can be considered as
computers.
• They are different than mobile phones.
• Because these phones offer advanced features
not typically found in cellular phones, they are
sometimes called as smart phones.
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Smart Phones
• These features can include Web and e-mail
access, special software such as personal
organizers, or special hardware such as digital
cameras or music players.
• Some models even break in half to reveal a
miniature keyboard.
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