Transcript GCSE LESSONS MUSCLES 26TH SEPTEMBER

GCSE PE
The Muscular System
Muscles and Movement.
Aims:
To know the different muscle
types in our body.
To understand the different types
of muscular contractions.
To know the roles of the different
muscles during a sporting action.
Starter Activity
 Label
the diagram of the synovial joint
and self mark your paper
What are the 3 Different types
of muscle found within our
body?

Skeletal – Voluntary

Cardiac – Involuntary

Smooth – Involuntary

This topic focuses upon voluntary skeletal
muscle.
Voluntary Muscles
 Also
known as Skeletal Muscles
 Attached to the skeleton and help to
make the body shape.
 They cause movement and are
controlled by ourselves. Basically
moves when we tell it to…
 Attached
to bones by TENDONS
Involuntary
 Also
known as SMOOTH
 Found in the walls of the BLOOD
VESSELS and the in the GUT.
 They stretch
 Work automatically and is not under our
conscious control
CARDIAC
 This
muscle only found in the HEART.
 Its job is to PUMP BLOOD round the
body.
 It adjusts it’s speed as a needed and
works AUTOMATICALLY at all times
Muscle Game

Stick the labels onto your partner (
however some of them need to be stuck
on by themselves 
Add the muscles names to
your diagram
 Bicep
 Tricep
 Deltoid
 Pectorals
 Trapezius
 Abdominals
 Gastrocnemius
 Quadriceps
Hamstrings
Gluteals
Latissimus Dorsi
External Obliqies
HOW DO MUSCLES WORK?
IN
PAIRS DISCUSS
HOW YOU THINK
MUSCLES WORK IN
PAIRS ?
 Muscles
work by CONTRACTION and
RELAXATION
How muscles work
 Muscle
work in PAIRS
 Whilst ONE CONTRACTS
 The other RELAXES
 Called
working ANTAGONISTICALLY
ANTAGONISTICALLY
 The
AGONIST ( PRIME MOVER) is the
muscle doing the work.
 The ANTAGONIST is the muscle that
REALXES to let movement take effect.
The SYNERGISTS
 The
SYNERGISTS are muscles that
assist in the action of the PRIME
MOVER.
 They
STABILISE THE JOINT,
preventing undesirable movement.
How the Muscles Move


Muscles are attached to two different bones by
tendons. When the muscle contracts only one bone
moves.
The place where the muscle is attached to the
stationary bone is called the ORIGIN. The place
where the muscle is attached to the moving bone is
called the INSERTION.
ORIGIN
INSERTION
For the bicep curl exercise, which
muscles form the; agonist, antagonist
and fixator? (flexion of the elbow)

Agonist muscle: Directly responsible for
the movement at a joint. E.g. Biceps.
 Antagonist: Opposing action to that of the
agonist. E.g. Triceps.
 Fixator: Allows the agonist to work
effectively by stabilising the origin of the
agonist. E.g. deltoid.
Task.
 With
a partner; act out a number of
different sporting actions. E.g. kicking a
ball, chest pass etc.
 Draw a diagram of this action.
 Identify the : Agonist, Antagonist and
Fixator muscles involved with this
movement.
The two main types of
muscular contraction
Isotonic
Movement
occurs.
Isometric
No
movement.
Eccentric = lengthening.
Concentric = shortening.
The role of muscle
contractions.
– concentric contraction
occurs in agonist muscles.
 Isotonic – eccentric contraction occurs
in antagonist muscles.
 Isometric contraction occurs in fixator
muscles which stabilise joints aiding
muscle movement.
 Isotonic
 What
are the 3 different types of
muscle?
 What is the difference between the
origin and the insertion?
 Name 3 different activities that would
require a high percentage of fast twitch
fibres.
 Name 2 different antagonistic pairs of
muscles and the movements they
make.
Homework
 Learn
the different muscles within the
body.
 I will be testing you next lesson.
 Visit wiki-spaces for your homework.