Transcript Year 11 Physical Education - PE-Teaching

Anatomy – Skeletal System
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5 major functions
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Shape and support
Movement
Protection
Blood Production
Storage
• Shape and Support -
This is our body's framework. It
provides shape for our body, holds our vital organs in place
and allows us to have a good posture.
• Movement -
Our muscles are attached to our bones in a
way which allows movement.
• Protection -
Protects our delicate organs e.g.-SKULL
protects the BRAIN. RIB CAGE protects the HEART and LUNGS
etc
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Blood Production -
Red and white blood cells are
produced in the bone marrow found in many bones.
RED CELLS carry oxygen to the muscles to enable them to
work. They are red in colour because they carry haemoglobin.
WHITE CELLS fight infection in the body.
Storage-
add strength
minerals like calcium are stored in the bones to
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When describing the body in anatomical
terms, we describe the:
◦ FRONT of the body – ANTERIOR
◦ BACK of the body - POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
POSTERIOR
Where bones meet they form JOINTS.
The movement of the skeleton is helped by
joints. There are THREE kinds of joints:
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Fibrous (non-moving e.g.- skull)
Cartilagenous (limited movement e.g.vertebrae of spine)
Synovial (a range of movements are available)
Joints can be separated into FIVE categories:
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Ball and Socket
Hinge
Gliding
Pivot
Saddle
Two examples of this joint in the human body are the hip
and shoulder joints. The rounded head of one bone fits
into a cup-shaped socket of another. This joint allows the
greatest range of movement.
Pelvis
Femur
Two examples of this type of joint include those found
at the knee and elbow. Try flexing (bending) and
extending them.
You will find that the movement of the joint can only
occur in one direction, just like the hinge of a door.
Radius
Humerus
Ulna
In this type of joint, two surfaces which are flat rub
against each other. These small bones can move over
one another to increase flexibility of the hands for
example. They are stopped from moving too far by
strong ligaments.
Carpals
This joint is made when one bone twists against
another.
These are found in the spine. They also allow the
head to turn, raise and lower.
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This joint allows movement back and forth
and up and down, but does not allow for
rotation like a ball and socket joint.
◦ E.g. CMC (carpometacarpal Joint)
In the Human Body there are 3 different
types of muscle. These are:
SMOOTH – Also known as INVOLUNTARY
muscles. Found in the internal organs
such as the intestine. They are named as
such because we do not have conscious
control over them.
CARDIAC – Found only in the heart. We
cannot control it and it is constantly
working. It enables blood to be pumped
from the heart to the body.
SKELETAL – Often called VOLUNTARY or
STRIPED muscle. It enables us to move
and is under our conscious control.
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When muscles contract they cause movement
to occur at joints
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Muscles act in pairs
◦ Agonists – Muscles that contract and shorten
◦ Antagonists – Muscles that lengthen and contract to
‘slow down’ movement
◦ * Complete muscular system worksheet*
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Bones
Joints
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Saddle
Ball and Socket
Hinge
Pivot
Gliding
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1. The hip and the pelvis are what kind of
joint?
2. What type of muscle is in the heart?
3. If the Tricep is the agonist, what is the
antagonist?
4. How many bones are in your body?
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Movements
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Flexion
Extension
Adduction
Abduction
Rotation
Muscles that cause movements
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This is when the angle between two bones
decreases
◦ Occurs at BALL and SOCKET and HINGE joints
 e.g. flexion of the knee joint
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This is the increasing in angle between two
bones
◦ Occurs at BALL and SOCKET and HINGE joints
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Moving away from the centre line of your
body
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Moving towards the centre line of your body
◦ Occurs in a BALL and SOCKET joints
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Movement of the bone around a central axis
◦ This occurs at BALL AND SOCKET and PIVOT joints
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Using the worksheet, fill in what muscles
cause movements at the joints identified in
the worksheet
Muscle
Bicep
Hamstring
Quadricep
Tricep
Deltoid
Abdominals
(rectus abdominus)
Antagonist
Tricep
Movements that
occur
Elbow joint – The
bicep causes the
elbow flexion
Muscle (agonist)
Antagonist
Movements that occur
Bicep
Tricep
Elbow joint – The bicep
causes the elbow
flexion
Hamstring
Quadricep
Knee joint – Flexion of
knee joint
Quadricep
Hamstring
Knee joint – Extension
Tricep
Deltoid
Abdominals
(rectus abdominus)
Elbow joint – The
Bicep
tricep extends the
elbow joint
Shoulder joint –
Deltoid causes
Pectoralis Major
abduction at shoulder
joint
Back Extensor
(erector Spinae)
Flexion of the
back/vertebrae
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1. If you hamstring contracts (shortens), what
movement will occur?
2. If the hamstring is the agonist, the
quadriceps are the ____________ ?
3. What muscle is this?
4. When you move a limb away from your
midline, it is called __________ ?
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Group Activity
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Introduction to Biomechanics
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In groups, using the basketball picture you
have been given.
Use the picture to answer the questions on
the hand out
Be prepared to share with the class
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You have 10 minutes to complete task!
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http://classtools.net/education-gamesphp/timer/
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Elbow joint (hinge)– is
flexed, but will extend
once he releases the
basketball
◦ Biceps cause flexion
◦ Triceps cause
extension
Wrist joint (saddle)– is
_______, once he releases
the basketball the wrist
joint will be in __________.
◦ Wrist extensors cause
extension
◦ Wrist flexors cause
flexion