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Connecting Science to People
Janet S. Austin, Ph.D.
Director, Office of Communications and Public Liaison
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
National Institutes of Health
Connecting Science to
People
Communication Objectives
• Make medical
research personally
relevant
• Serve as trusted
source of health
information
• Explain NIH’s role in
medical research
NIH Resource:
NIH Web Site, www.nih.gov
NIH Resource:
Other NIH Web Sites
http://medlineplus.gov
http://clinicaltrials.gov
Connecting Science to People
NIAMS Mission
• The mission of the National Institute of
Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin
Diseases, a component of the U. S.
Department of Health and Human Services’
National Institutes of Health, is to support:
• research into the causes, treatment, and
prevention of arthritis and musculoskeletal
and skin diseases,
• the training of basic and clinical scientists
to carry out this research, and
• the dissemination of information on
research progress in these diseases.
Connecting Science to People
“Our research belongs ultimately to the
American people, for whom we serve as
stewards in improving the public's
health.”
Stephen I. Katz, M.D., Ph.D.
NIAMS Director
What OCPL Does
• Publications
• Web management
• Feature writing
• Communications
support
• Media liaison
• Inquiry response
• Outreach
• Public liaison
• Clearinghouse
contract
management
• Multicultural health
communications
• Web content
management
OCPL Staff
• Writer-editors
• Public affairs specialists
• Health educators
• Public liaison officer
• Web manager
• Information assistants
• Support staff
• Project officers
Points of Service
• NIAMS Office of Communication and
Public Liaison (OCPL)
• NIAMS Information Clearinghouse
• NIH Osteoporosis and Related Bone
Diseases~National Resource Center
Publications: Production and
Dissemination
• Handouts on Health
• Questions and Answers series
• Fact Sheets
• Special publications (e.g., Progress and
Promise)
• Easy-to-read, bilingual, and Spanish
publications
• Information packets
• Newsletters: Shorttakes, IRPartners, E-Blast
Public Liaison
• Outreach to constituency
groups
• Contact for constituent
referral for Members of
Congress
• Liaison to NIAMS
Coalition
• Public contact for policy
matters
Web Content Management
• Web design
• Web policy
• Information
updates
• Technology
issues
• Inquiry
response
• Content
Information Development and
Dissemination
Guiding Principles:
• Provide culturally appropriate, audience-specific
educational materials written in plain language
• Routinely review and revise existing materials
• Facilitate rigorous review of NIAMS materials by the
scientific and lay communities
• Work collaboratively with other NIH/DHHS
organizations, voluntary and professional groups, and
universities and medical centers in developing materials
• Effectively use intermediaries for distribution, including
faith- and community-based organizations, NIAMS
partners, the Federal Consumer Information Center, and
health professionals
Arthritis Overview
What is Arthritis and
Rheumatic Disease?
 Rheumatic diseases involve the muscle,
joints, and bones. There are over 100
rheumatic diseases.
 Arthritis literally means joint inflammation.
 Many rheumatic diseases cause
inflammation of joints and also muscle,
bones, and other supporting structures.
Diagnosing Arthritis
 Early diagnosis and
treatment is important.
 Diagnosis can be difficult
because some symptoms
and signs are common to
many different diseases.
 It may take more than
one office visit for the
doctor to make an
accurate diagnosis.
Treating Arthritis
Treatment Goals:




Relieve pain
Control inflammation
Slow down or stop joint damage
Improve well-being and ability to
function
 Prevent disability
Ways to Treat Arthritis
 Lifestyle changes
 Medications
 Surgery
 Complementary and alternative
medicine and nutritional
supplements
Lifestyle changes
 Healthful diet and weight control
 Exercise
 Rest and relief
 Non-drug pain relief
Healthful Diet and
Weight Control
 An overall nutritious diet is important
 Weight loss can reduce stress on
weight-bearing joints
 Limit or avoid consuming alcohol
 A dietitian can help
Exercise
 Reduces joint pain
 Helps maintain healthy
weight
 Increases flexibility,
muscle strength, cardiac
fitness, and endurance
 Ask a doctor or physical
therapist what exercises
are best for you
Rest and Relief
 Learn your body’s signals on when to stop or slow
down
 Rest helps reduce joint inflammation and fights
fatigue
 Short breaks better than prolonged time in bed
 Splints or braces can take pressure off joints
 Assistive devices helps reduce joint stress
Non-Drug Pain Relief
 Relaxation, distraction, visualization
exercises
 Heat and cold treatments
 Massage
 TENS
Medications
Analgesics
(pain
relievers)
Corticosteroids
Nonsteroidal
AntiInflammatory
Drugs
(NSAIDs)
Hyaluronic
acid
products
Biological
response
modifiers
DiseaseModifying
Antirheumati
c Drugs
(DMARDs)
Questions to Ask Your
Doctor
or Pharmacist
 How often should I take this medicine?
 Should I take this medicine with food or
between meals?
 What side effects might occur?
 Should I take this medicine with the other
prescription medicines I take?
 Is this medication safe considering other
medical conditions I have?
Surgery
Surgery is used to:
 Reduce pain
 Improve the affected joint’s function
 Improve ability to perform daily activities
Things to consider





Level of disability
Intensity of pain
Age
Occupation
Level of interference with the patient’s
lifestyle
Complementary and
Alternative Therapies
Ongoing research on therapies for
people with osteoarthritis:
 Acupuncture
 Nutritional supplements
 Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate
 Vitamins D
 Green tea
NIAMS Arthritis Research
OAI
CARRA
NARAC
NIAMS
IRP
Osteoarthritis Initiative
(OAI)
• A Public-Private Partnership
• Funded by 7 NIH Components, the FDA
and several pharmaceutical companies
• Includes 4,800 participants at risk for
developing knee OA
• GOALS:
• To create research resources to aid in
the identification and evaluation of
biomarkers for OA
• To further drug development and
improve public health
North American Rheumatoid
Arthritis Consortium (NARAC)
• A multicenter group that seeks to
identify RA susceptibility genes
• Recent discoveries include the
identification of susceptibility
genes common to people with RA
and lupus, and identifying a new
RA susceptibility gene region
Childhood Arthritis &
Rheumatology Research Alliance
(CARRA)
NIAMS supports many CARRA
studies, including:
• Trial of Early Aggressive Therapy
in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
NIAMS Intramural Research
Program (IRP)
• NIAMS Community Health Center
(Cardozo area of Washington,
D.C.)
• NIAMS Pediatric Rheumatology
Clinic
• NIAMS Cartilage Biology and
Orthopaedics Branch
• NIAMS Arthritis and Rheumatism
Branch
For more information
www.niams.nih.gov/health_info
2 AMS Circle
Bethesda, MD 20892 - 3676
Phone: 301-495-4484
NIAMS
Information
Clearinghouse
Toll Free: 877-226-4267
Email: [email protected]
http://www.niams.nih.gov/health_info
Osteoporosis Overview
Why Are Healthy Bones
Important?
• Strong bones support us and allow us
to move
• Bones are a storehouse for vital
minerals
• Strong bones protect our heart, lungs,
brain and other organs
Osteoporosis
• Osteoporosis is defined as a skeletal
disorder characterized by compromised
bone strength predisposing to an
increased risk of fracture.
Osteoporosis Prevention, Diagnosis, and Therapy. NIH
Consens Statement 2000 March 27-29; 17(1): 1-36.
Prevalence
• In the United States 8 million women
and 2 million men have osteoporosis
• An additional 34 million Americans
currently have low bone mass
• One out of two women and one out of
four men aged 50 years and older will
suffer an osteoporosis-related fracture
in their lifetime
Osteoporosis risk factors that you
cannot change
• Gender – risk is greater for women
• Age - the older you are, the greater your risk
• Body size - Small, thin-boned women are at greater
risk.
• Ethnicity - Caucasian and Asian women are at
highest risk. African American and Hispanic
women have a lower but significant risk.
• Family history - Fracture risk may be due, in part,
to heredity.
Osteoporosis risk factors
that you can change
• Sex hormones - Abnormal absence of
menstrual periods (amenorrhea), low estrogen
level (menopause), and low testosterone level
in men.
• Anorexia nervosa - increases risk
• Calcium and vitamin D intake - A lifetime diet
low in calcium and vitamin D.
• Medication use - Long-term use of glucocorticoids
and some anticonvulsants and others.
Osteoporosis risk factors
that you can change
• Physical Activity - An inactive lifestyle or
extended bed rest tends to weaken bones.
• Cigarette smoking - Cigarettes are bad for
bones as well as the heart and lungs.
• Alcohol intake - Excessive consumption
increases the risk of bone loss and fractures.
DXA: The Gold
Standard
Medications
•Bisphosphonates - Bisphosphonates slow the bone
breakdown process. Healthy bones are in a state of continuous breakdown and
rebuilding. As you get older, and especially after menopause when your estrogen
levels decrease, the bone breakdown process accelerates. When bone rebuilding
fails to keep pace, bones deteriorate and become weaker. Bisphosphonates
basically put a brake on that.
•Raloxifene - Raloxifene is in a class of medications called
selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs). Raloxifene prevents and treats
osteoporosis by mimicking the effects of estrogen (a female hormone produced
by the body) to increase the density (thickness) of bone.
•Calcitonin - Calcitonin is a medicine that slows the rate of bone
loss and relieves bone pain.
•Teriparatide - Teriparatide contains a synthetic form of natural
human hormone called parathyroid hormone (PTH). It works by causing the body
to build new bone and by increasing bone strength and density (thickness).
•Estrogen/Hormone Therapy
Universal Steps for Strong
Bones
• A diet rich in calcium and
vitamin D
•Regular weight-bearing
activity
•Healthy lifestyle
Calcium
• Food sources are recommended
Dairy products
Fortified foods
Green vegetables
• Supplements are often necessary
How Much Calcium?
Age
Amount
0-6 months
210 mg/day
7-12 months
270 mg/day
1-3 years
500 mg/day
4-8 years
800 mg/day
9-18 years
1300 mg/day
19-50 years
1000 mg/day
Over 50 years
1200 mg/day
Vitamin D
•Necessary for the absorption of
calcium
•Synthesized in skin on exposure
to
sunlight or ingested in foods
such as
egg yolks, fish, liver, or
supplements
•Fortified milk, cereals and orange
calcium
Vitamin D: The Sunshine
Vitamin
•According to National
Osteoporosis Foundation, usually
10-15 minutes exposure of hands,
arms and face two to three times a
week (depending on one's skin
sensitivity) is enough to satisfy the
body's vitamin D requirement.
Physical Activity
• Weight-bearing (walking, stair
climbing, dancing)
• Tai chi – enhances muscle
function and balance
• Avoid exercises that involve:
Forward flexion of the spine
Bending from the waist
Twisting or jerking the spine
Keep one foot on the ground
NIAMS-funded
Osteoporosis
Research
Good Vibrations
Can vibrations build bone
and reduce fat?
NIH-NASA Partnership
Mr. OS
NIH Senior Health.gov
2 AMS Circle
Bethesda, MD 20892-3676
Phone: 202–223–0344
NIH
ORBD~NRC
Toll Free: 800–624–BONE
TTY: 202-466-4315
Fax: 202-293-2356
Email: [email protected]
Website: http://www.niams.nih.gov//bone/