Transcript Chapter 18x

Chapter 18
Injuries to the
Pelvis and Lower Extremities
The Pelvis
• Pelvic region
– Supports the vertebral column and
constitutes the inferior portion of the trunk
• Primary muscles of the pelvis
– Affect movement of thigh at hip joint
– Attached to the femur and pelvic bones
– Contribute to muscular movement by
creating pressure on muscle surface
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The Pelvis
• Injuries to the pelvic region include:
– Fractures
– Strains
– Contusions
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The Hip and Thigh
• Each lower extremity
– Hip, thigh, knee, lower leg, ankle, and foot
• The hip is a ball and socket joint
– Held together by connective tissues
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The Hip and Thigh
• The femur extends from the hip to the
knee
– Provides skeletal structure of the thigh
– Held in the socket by ligaments, tendons,
and muscles
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Methods for
Assessing Hip Injuries
• General range of motion
• ROM test
– Hamstring flexibility
– Hip flexor flexibility (Thomas test)
– Internal and external rotation of the hip
• Ober’s Test
• Patrick’s or Faber Test
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Methods for
Assessing Hip Injuries
• Strength tests
– Abduction
– Adduction
– Extension
– Flexion
– Internal rotation
– External rotation
– Trendelenburg test
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Injuries to the Hip and Thigh
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Fractures
Dislocations and subluxations
Contusions
Sprains
Strains
Bursitis and synovitis
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The Knee
• Knee joint
– Naturally unstable
– One of the most complicated joints in the
body
– One of the most commonly injured joints in
the body
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Methods for
Assessing Knee Injuries
• ROM test
– Knee extension
– Knee flexion
• Extension strength test for the knee
• Flexion strength test for the knee
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Injuries to the
Knee and Lower Leg
• Fractures
– Dislocations and subluxations
– Apprehension test for the patella
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Injuries to the
Knee and Lower Leg
• Strains
– Tendon ruptures
– Patellar tendon rupture test
– Meniscus tears
– McMurray test
– Apley compression test
– Tendonitis
– Contusions
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Injuries to the
Knee and Lower Leg
• Sprains
– Valgus stress test for the knee
– Varus stress test for the knee
– Anterior drawer test for the knee
– Posterior drawer test for the knee
– Lachman test
– Pivot shift test
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Injuries to the
Knee and Lower Leg
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Bursitis
Osgood-Schlatter Disease
Chondromalacia patellae (CMP)
Patella grind test
Shin splints
Anterior compartment syndrome
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The Ankle
• Tarsus
– Composed of seven tarsal bones and joins
the lower leg to the foot
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Assessing
Ankle and Foot Injuries
• ROM test
– Ankle inversion
– Ankle eversion
– Plantar flexion of the ankle
– Dorsiflexion of the ankle
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Assessing
Ankle and Foot Injuries
• Inversion strength test for the ankle
• Eversion strength test for the ankle
• Dorsiflexion strength test for the ankle
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Injuries to the Ankle and Foot
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Fractures
Dislocations and subluxations
Contusions
Sprains
Talar tilt test
Anterior drawer test for the ankle
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Injuries to the Ankle and Foot
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Tendon ruptures
Thompson test
Tendonitis
Bursitis and synovitis
Ingrown toenail
Athlete’s foot
Plantar fasciitis
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