Transcript Objectives

Unit L
Therapy and Sports Medicine
Objectives
 2H12- Apply therapeutic skills for rehabilitation
and injury prevention
 2H12.01- Demonstrate assistive and therapeutic
techniques
 2H12.02- Analyze the therapeutic role of
massage therapy and sports medicine
Terminology
• Abduction: to pull something, for example, a
muscle, away from the midpoint or midline of
the body or of a limb
• Adduction: to pull a leg or arm toward the
central line of the body or a toe or finger toward
the axis of a leg or arm
• Flexion: the bending of a limb or joint
• Extension: increasing the size or range
• Hyperextension: the movement of a limb
beyond its normal range
•Rotation: a turning
motion like that of a wheel
around an axis or a fixed
point, or the act or process
of turning in such a way
• Pronation:
turning a body
part downwardturning the “palms
down”.
• Supination:
turning a body
part upward; turn
the “palms up”.
• Inversion: turning a body part inward
• Eversion: turning a body part outward
• Dorsiflexion: the bending back of a hand or
foot, or of the fingers or toes
• Plantar Flexion: bending the sole of the foot
Massage Therapy Basics
Encourage the patient to understand the
potential source of healing in his/her own
consciousness.
1. It is a passive exercise that
relieves tension/pain.
2. Activates thicker tactile
receptors in skin.
3. Can affectively relieve pain.
4. Increases range of motion.
5. Reduces some types of edema.
6. Increases circulation.
7. Better lymphatic flow.
8. Improves conditioning of
scar tissue.
9. Improves health of the skin.
Psychological Benefits of
Massage Therapy:
• Relaxation
• Stress relief
• Sense of increased
energy and vitality
Massage Therapies
Effleurage
• Used most
• Involves gentle strokes, glide over skin
• Often used during childbirth to cause relaxation of
the abdominal muscles.
Petrissage
• Involves deeper massage where muscles are lifted/
squeezed gently in a kneading/ rolling action.
• Practiced on the back before any other parts of the
body.
Massage Therapies
• Friction
– Uses the fingertips, thumb, or heel of hand to make small
movements that press into muscles.
– Used to massage deep into joint spaces and is generally used
for back rubs.
– Useful around well-healed scar tissue to break down
adhesions between the skin and tissues beneath.
• Vibration
– Can be accomplished by making fine, tremulous
movements with the fingers or by using a
mechanical device.
• Tapotement
– uses a series of brisk blows of various types
• Hacking
– hold hands out, palms parallel, strike patients back gently w/
backs of 3rd 4th and 5th fingertips progressing from hips to
shoulders, avoiding the kidney area
•Cupping- using cupped
hands to strike the
patient’s back with one
hand, then the other.
Some people use cup
shaped objects for this
massage technique.
•Slapping- same as
above with flat hands.
Tapping- Using the tips of
fingers, tap the back with one
hand then the other.
•Quacking- Hold both palms
together w/ fingers apart,
tap back w/ tips of little
finger and ring finger,
allowing the fingers to fall
together on impact.
•Pincement- Gently pinch
the back, pulling up small
tissue between the thumb
and 1st finger.
•Skritchies- gentle
pinching or plucking
of the scalp.
Certified Athletic Trainer
What type of training is needed
to become a certified athletic
trainer?
Bachelor’s Degree
A certified athletic trainer is an
allied health care professional
trained in the area of sports
medicine.
Athletic trainers can be found in
many different settings. The
most traditional settings include
working with high school,
college, and professional teams,
providing health care for
athletes.
Many athletic trainers have a
masters degree in a related
science field, or an advanced
degree in athletic training.
Orthopedics
Orthopedics is the study of
the musculoskeletal
system. Orthopedic
doctors help patients with
the diagnosis of problems
associated with the bone,
joints, ligaments, tendons,
muscles, and nerves of the
body. Orthopedics is one of
many medical specialties.
A massage therapist would
be a good addition to this
practice.
Range of Motion (ROM)
•
When patients have
limited movement,
range of motion
exercises help keep
muscles/ joints
functioning.
•
ROM- ordered by a
physician and
administered by a
physical therapist,
nurse, assistant, or
other authorized
person.
ROM Avoids:
•
Contractures- tightening/shortening of
muscle, causing permanent flexing of the
joint.
•
Muscle atrophy or stiff joints.
•
Circulatory impairment (leading to blood
clots/decubitus ulcers).
•
Other problems: poor appetite,
constipation, urinary infections,
respiratory problems, and hypostatic
pneumonia.
•Active ROM- performed by
patients who are able to move
each joint without assistance.
•Passive ROM- These
exercises are carried out by
the nurse/PT without
assistance from the patient.
•Resistive ROM- These are
active exercises performed by
the patient by pulling or
pushing against an opposing
force.
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Principles for Performing ROM:
1.
Movements should be
slow, smooth, and gentle
2.
Support provided to parts
above and below joint
being exercised.
3.
Never force joint beyond
range or point of pain.
4.
If patient complains, stop
exercise and report it to
supervisor.
Principles for Performing ROM Continued…
1.
Repeat 3 times or as
ordered.
2.
Encourage patient to
assist as much as
possible.
3.
Prevent unnecessary
exposure of patient.
4.
Close door/ provide
privacy
5.
Use correct body
mechanics at all times.
Principles of Ambulatory Assistance
•Crutches- usually prescribed by
a physician.
–Therapist or authorized
person fits crutches.
–Appropriate gait must be
taught.
–Must properly fit- axillary
pressure can cause damage to
radial nerve.
Fitting Crutches:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Patient should wear good fitting
walking shoes w/ low broad
heels.
Position patient against wall for
support (if possible)
Position crutches 4-6” in front
and 4-6” to the side of patient’s
foot.
Allow 2” space between
underarm and axillary bar.
Adjust hand pieces so that each
elbow is flexed at 25-30 degree
angle.
Patient must be taught to support
weight on hand bars NOT
axillary supports.
Using A Walker
•The walker should be
properly fitted to the
patient.
•Position the walker at arm's
length in front of you with all
four legs level on the floor.
Use the handles of the walker
for balance. Move your weak
leg forward first, gripping the
top of the walker for support.
Place the walker one step
ahead of you and take small
steps when turning. Keep your
back upright while pushing the
walker forward. Do not walk
behind your walker; step into
it instead.
• Cane
– Provides balance and support
– Some have 3-4 legs for additional support
– Used on unaffected (good) side.
• Walker
–
–
–
–
4-legged device
Often used for weak patients w/out leg injuries
Must be properly fitted
Patient must lift walker, place it in front of the body,
and walk into it
– Patient must NOT slide walker
Gait Belt
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Band of fabric or leather around
patient’s waist
During transfers or ambulation,
health care worker can hold belt to
provide additional support
Gait belt must be the proper sizesecure fit around waist but not too
tight
Hold the back of the belt using an
underhand grasp.
Grasp belt at back during
ambulation
Grasp belt on both sides while
facing the patient
Apply belt at the waist and over
the clothes.
Safety Checks
•Remain alert when ambulating the
patient.
•Walk on the weak side and slightly
behind the patient.
•If the patient starts to fall, use your
body to brace the patient.
•Ease the patient to the floor as slowly
as possible.
•Protect the patient’s head and neck.
•Stay w/ the patient and call for help.
•If the patient falls, an accident report
must be filled out in most agencies.
Sitz bath
A type of a moist heat
application used for
patients who have
hemorrhoids or
patients who had an
episiotomy from giving
birth.
Under wrap/ pre-wrap
Ankle wraps
is used to protect the
skin. Ace wrap is then
wrapped over prewrap.
When taping an ankle
the anchor is the first
piece of tape to go on
the ankle.
Oxygen
•If a patient is
cyanotic, you need to
give him/her OXYGEN.
•If a humidifier is
empty you need to
notify your supervisor
immediately.
Oxygen
•O2 is given via nasal
cannula-N/C
•Mask
•Ventilator
Massaging a Baby
• http://www.videoju
g.com/film/how-tomassage-your-babyfor-health-andhappiness