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Basic Anatomy &
Physiology
Bones
Provide:
 Protection
 Support
 Shape
Primary Joints
 Hip
 Knee
 Shoulder
 Elbow
 Wrist
 Ankle
 Femur
 Acetabulum
 Ligaments
 Labrum
 Muscles
Hip
Hip
Knee
 Femur
 Tibia/Fibula
 Patella
 Ligaments:
– MCL/LCL/PCL/ACL
 Meniscus
Shoulder
 Humerus
 Glenoid
 Clavical
 Scapula
 Ligaments
 Muscles
 Labrum
Elbow
 Humerus
 Radius
 Ulna
 Ligaments
 Muscles
 Ulnar
Nerve
Wrist
 Radius
 Ulna
 Carpals
 Metacarpals
 Median
Nerve
 Carpal Tunnel
 Ligaments
 Muscles
Ankle
 Tibia
 Fibula
 Ligaments:
– ATFL, PTFL, CFL
– Deltoid
 Talus
 Calcaneus
 Muscles
Ligaments
 Connect
 Provide
 Will
Bone to Bone
Stability
NOT heal after injury
 Injured
Ligament = Sprain
 Sprained
Ankle:
#1: Ant. Talofibular Lig
#2: Calcaneofibular Lig
#3: Post. Talofibular Lig
Cartilage
 Covers
the end of bones
 Also
located in joints, nose,
and ears
 General
Purpose:
– Absorb shock
– Reduce friction
– Increase joint
stability
- Provide nutrition
Articular
Cartilage
Muscles
 Injured
Muscle = Strain
 Common
Injury Locations:
– Rotator Cuff
 Supraspinatus
– Quadriceps
 Rectus
Femoris
– Hamstrings
 Bicep
Femoris
– Calf
 Gastrocnemius
& Soleus
Leg Muscles
Biceps Femoris
Semitendinosus
IT Band
Semimembranosus
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Achilles Tendon
Arm Muscles
 Most
Common Shoulder Injuries:
– Rotator Cuff
 Tendonitis,
Tears, Impingement
– Bicipital Tendonitis
Tendons




Attach Muscle to Bone
Tendons surrounded by sheath filled
w/ synovial fluid to decrease friction
– Tenosynovitis
Injury to Tendon = Strain
Common Injury Locations:
– Achilles
– Biceps
– Patellar
– Rotator Cuff
Bursa
 Small,
fluid filled sacs
 Located between tissues to decrease
friction
 Common Injury: Bursitis
Neurological System
 Controls:
–Digestion
–Sensation
–Breathing
–HR
–BP
–Muscle Contraction
–Many other functions
Digestive/Reproductive
Systems
 ULQ:
Stomach, spleen, L kidney,
gut, ½ pancreas
 URQ: Liver, gall bladder, R kidney,
gut, ½ pancreas
 LLQ: Ureter,
½ bladder, L ovary
 LRQ: Ureter,
½ bladder, appendix,
R ovary
Respiratory System

Path of Air:
– Nose/Mouth
– Pharynx-Larynx-Trachea
– Bronchi
– Lungs

Muscles of inspiration:
– Diaphragm
– Intercostals

Muscles of expiration:
– Abdominal muscles:
 Rectus
abdominus
 Internal/external obliques
 Transversus abdominus
Cardiovascular System
 Heart
– 2 atria
– 2 ventricles
 Vascular
Structures
– Aorta
– Inferior/superior
vena cava
– Pulmonary arteries/veins