Transcript Extremity Injuries

Chapter 15
Extremity Injuries
Extremity Injuries
Injuries to the extremities are common
because people are involved in active
lifestyles that include sports and
wilderness activities.
Extremity Injury Assessment
•
•
•
•
•
•
Look for
Examine the extremities using
Compare
Use
Consider the
Use
Types of Extremity Injuries (1 of 2)
• Contusions
• Strains
• Sprains
Types of Extremity Injuries (2 of 2)
• Tendonitis
• Dislocations
• Fractures
Care for Extremity Injuries
•
•
RICE Procedures (1 of 7)
• Acronym
• Recommended
• The first
RICE Procedures (2 of 7)
• R=
• .
•
RICE Procedures (3 of 7)
• I
•
•
•
•
RICE Procedures (4 of 7)
• C
•
•
•
RICE Procedures (5 of 7)
• E
•
•
RICE Procedures (6 of 7)
• R =
• I=
• .
RICE Procedures (7 of 7)
• C=
•
• E=
•
Shoulder Dislocation
• Occurs
• Result of
• Second in
Recognizing a Shoulder Dislocation
(1 of 2)
•
•
•
•
Victim holds
Arm cannot
Extreme
Shoulder appears
Recognizing a Shoulder Dislocation
(2 of 2)
• Injury results in.
• History of
• Numbness or paralysis
Care for a Shoulder Dislocation
• Do not
• Place a
• Apply
• Apply.
• Seek
Clavicle Fracture
• Common
• Usually result of
• Most occur in the
Recognizing a Clavicle Fracture (1 of 2)
•
•
•
•
•
Fell on
Direct
Severe
Holding injured arm
Recognizing a Clavicle Fracture (2 of 2)
• No movement
•
•
•
•
Care for a Clavicle Fracture
• Treat for
• Apply
and swathe.
• Apply ice pack:
• ___ minutes, __to __times during 24
hours
• Seek _______medical care.
Contusions
•Caused by
•Often called
Recognizing Contusions
•
• Pain at
• Feeling of
•
• Black-and-blue discolorations
Care for Contusions
• Apply an ice pack:
•
• Place arm in sling and swathe.
•
•
Tendonitis
• _________of the shoulder
• Result of
Recognizing Tendinitis
•
•
•
•
Constant
or
Limited _____of shoulder
“_______” sound
_________over the area
Care for Tendonitis
• Use an ice massage for __
minutes before and after exercise.
• Use a
• Use pain medication.
• Seek medical advice.
Humeral Fracture
• Shaft of the humerus can be
Recognizing a Humerus Fracture
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Direct blow
Twist or fall
Severe
Deformity
Tender if touched
Inability
Holds
Care for a Humerus Fracture
• ______and treat for shock.
• Apply an ice pack for
___minutes.
• Stabilize the arm.
• Seek immediate medical care.
Elbow Injuries
• Should be considered serious
• Treat with extreme care.
Recognizing Elbow Fractures and
Dislocations
•
•
•
•
•
Immediate
Severe
Possible
Restricted, painful motion
Numbness
Care for Elbow Fractures and
Dislocations
•
•
•
•
•
Do not
Treat for
Splint the
Apply
Seek
Tennis Elbow
• Results from
• Inflammation of the
Recognizing Tennis Elbow
• Pain increases
• Gradual grip
• Injured
• Very tender on
Care for Tennis Elbow
• Apply heat
• Apply ice pack
• Seek
Golfer’s Elbow
• Equivalent to
• Pain is on
Recognizing Golfer’s Elbow
• Pain increases
• Gradual
• Injured elbow
Care for Golfer’s Elbow
• Apply
• Apply an ice pack for __ minutes
after activity.
• Seek medical advice.
Radial and Ulnar Fractures
• The radius and ulna are the two
large bones in the forearm.
• When one bone is broken, the other
acts as a splint, and there may be
little or no deformity.
• When both are broken, the arm
usually appears deformed.
Recognizing Radius and Ulna
Fractures
•
•
•
•
Pain in
Deformity
Severe pain
Inability to
Care for Radial and Ulnar Fractures
•
•
•
•
Assess and treat for shock if indicated.
Apply an ice pack for __ minutes.
Apply
Seek medical care.
Wrist Fracture
• Wrist usually
•
Recognizing a Wrist Fracture
•
•
•
•
•
•
Care for a Wrist Fracture
•
•
•
Hand Injuries—Crushed Hand
• May be fractured by:
•
•
Recognizing a Crushed Hand
•
•
•
•
•
Care for a Crushed Hand
•
•
•
Finger Injuries
• The __bones that make up each
finger are the most commonly
broken bones.
• The finger has three joints:
•
•
•
Finger Fracture
• Finger bones can move when
they are broken.
Recognizing Finger Fractures
•
•
•
•
•
•
Testing Finger Fractures
• If possible,
• Tap the
• Pain
Care for Finger Fractures
• Do not try
• Gently apply an ice pack.
• Splint the finger.
•
•
• Seek medical care.
Finger Dislocation
• Common
• Same causes of fractured fingers
Recognizing Finger Dislocation
•
•
•
•
•
•
Care for Finger Dislocation
• Do not try to realign.
• Apply an ice pack for 20 minutes.
• Splint the finger.
•
•
• Seek medical care.
Sprained Finger
• Upper joints of the fingers have
a ligament on each side of the
joint.
Recognizing a Sprained Finger
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
“
Pain and swelling
Unable to make a fist
Weakness
Weakness or pain
Care for a Sprained Finger
• Apply an ice pack for ___ minutes.
• Reevaluate.
• Seek medical care if pain and
weakness exist.
• “______” tape the fingers.
Nail Avulsion
• Injury in which a nail is partly or
completely torn loose
Recognizing a Nail Avulsion
• Nail may be
Care for a Nail Avulsion
•
•
•
•
•
Secure
Apply antibiotic ointment.
Secure a.
Do not trim away loose nail.
Consult a physician.
Splinters
• Sharp splinters, usually wooden,
can be impaled into the skin or
under a fingernail or toenail.
Recognizing Splinters
• Small puncture wound
• Sliver may be seen.
Care for Splinters
• Use tweezers to remove it.
• If splinter is impaled under a nail and
breaks off flesh:
•
Blood Under a Nail
• Blood
Recognizing Blood Under a Nail
•
•
Care for Blood Under a Nail
•
•
• .
• .
Ring Strangulation
•
• Within ___ or ___ hours
Recognizing Ring Strangulation
• A ring has become tight on a finger.
Care for Ring Strangulation (1 of 2)
•
•
• Spray
onto finger.
• Massage finger from tip to hand.
• Smoothly wind.
Care for Ring Strangulation (2 of 2)
• Lubricate finger well, and then
• Cut the _________part of the ring.
• Inflate an ordinary balloon.
•
Hip Joint Injuries
• Hip joint is a
• Requires great force to dislocate
Recognizing Hip Dislocation
• Severe pain at injury
• Swelling at injury
• Hip is flexed and knee is bent
and rotated inward toward
opposite hip.
• Visible injury
Care for Hip Dislocation
•
•
•
•
Assess and treat for shock.
Stabilize injury.
Check for ankle pulse.
Seek medical care.
Hip Fracture
•
•
Recognizing a Hip Fracture
• Severe pain in groin area
• Inability to lift injured leg
• Leg may appear shortened and be
rotated with the toes pointing
abnormally.
Care for a Hip Fracture
•
•
•
•
Treat for shock.
Stabilize injured leg.
Monitor ankle pulse.
Seek immediate medical care.
Femur Fractures
• Femur injuries can occur in any
part of the femur.
• Femur fractures often include
open wounds.
• External bleeding may be severe.
Recognizing a Femur Fracture
•
•
•
•
Severe pain at injury
Deformity
Swelling
Severe pop or snap
Care for a Femur Fracture
• Assess and treat for shock.
• Cover wound with sterile
dressing.
• Stabilize injured leg.
• Monitor ankle pulse.
• Seek immediate medical care.
Muscle Contusion
• The muscle group on the front of the
thigh is the quadriceps group.
• Often gets bruised
Recognizing a Muscle Contusion
•
•
•
•
Swelling
Pain and tenderness
Tightness or firmness of site
Visible bruise
Care for a Muscle Contusion
• Follow the RICE procedures.
•
•
• Stretch the muscle.
Muscle Strain
• Occurs when a muscle is
overstretched
• A first aider will be unable to
determine its degree.
Recognizing a Muscle Strain
• Pop or pulling sensation while running or
jumping
• Tenderness
• Stiffness and pain
• Swelling
• Visible bruise appears days later.
Care for a Muscle Strain
• Follow the RICE procedures.
• Apply an ice pack.
• 20 minutes, three to four
times a day for 48 hours
• Stretch the muscle.
Knee Injuries
•
•
• .
Recognizing a Knee Fracture
•
•
•
•
May look like a dislocation
Deformity
Tenderness
Swelling
Care for a Knee Fracture
• No deformity:
• Feel for pulse in the ankle.
• If pulse is felt, splint the leg with the knee
straight.
• Significant deformity:
• Feel for pulse in the ankle.
• If pulse is felt, splint the knee in the position
found.
• Seek medical care immediately if pulse is
absent.
Knee Dislocation
• A knee dislocation is a serious injury.
• Deformity will be grotesque.
Recognizing a Knee Dislocation
• Excruciating pain
• Deformity
• Pulse may be absent in the ankle.
Care for a Knee Dislocation
• Stabilize the knee in the
position found.
• Seek medical care
immediately.
Patella Dislocation
• Must be treated immediately
• Most commonly occurs in teenagers
and young adults who are engaged in
athletic activities.
Recognizing a Patella Dislocation
• A blow or twisting causes kneecap to
move outside of the knee joint.
• Swelling
• Inability to bend or straighten knee
• Pain
• Deformity
Care for a Patella Dislocation
•
•
•
•
Follow the RICE procedures.
Do not try to relocate.
Splint knee in position found.
Seek medical care.
Knee Sprain
• Ligament injury
• Can range from mild to
complete tearing
Recognizing a Knee Sprain
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Severe pain
Pop or snap at the time of injury
Locking sensation
Inability to walk without limping
Inability to bend or straighten the knee
Swelling
Bruising
Care for a Knee Sprain
• Follow the RICE procedures.
• Seek medical care.
Knee Contusion
• Caused by:
• A direct blow
• Falling on the knee
Recognizing a Knee Contusion
•
•
•
•
Pain
Swelling
Tenderness
Black-and-blue discoloration
Care for a Knee Contusion
• Follow the RICE procedures.
Lower Leg Injuries
Tibia and Fibula Fractures
• Can occur at any place between the knee
joint and the ankle joint
• Deformity may occur when one bone is
broken.
• When only one bone is broken, little
deformity may be present.
Recognizing Tibia and Fibula
Fractures
•
•
•
•
Severe pain
Swelling
Deformity
Tenderness
Care for Tibia and Fibula Fractures
• Stabilize the leg.
• Apply an ice pack.
• Seek medical care.
Recognizing Tibia and Fibula
Contusion
• Victim received a direct hit directly on
shin.
• Tender when touched
• Sharp pain
• Black-and-blue mark
• Difficulty moving ankle up and down
• Numbness or coldness in toes or foot
Care for a Tibia and Fibula Contusion
• Expose the injury.
• Apply the RICE procedures.
• Use an ice pack.
• 20 minutes, three to four times daily for
48 hours
• If numbness or tingling exists, seek
medical care.
Muscle Cramp
• Temporary condition
• Usually occurs in the calf and
sometimes in the thigh or
hamstring
Recognizing a Muscle Cramp
• During or after intense exercise
sessions
• Painful muscle contraction or
spasm that disables the victim
Care for Muscle Cramps
•
•
•
•
•
•
Gently stretch.
Apply pressure.
Apply ice to the muscle.
Pinch the upper lip hard.
Drink lightly salted, cool water.
Drink a commercial sports drink.
Shin Splints
• Pain in the front of the lower
leg or shin
Recognizing Shin Splints
• Ache subsides after activity stops.
• Ache is a result of an increase in the
workout routine.
• Chronic problem that gets worse
Care for Shin Splints
• Apply an ice pack before activity.
• Apply pressure.
• Apply an ice pack for 20 minutes after
activity.
• Curtail activity until the shin is pain
free.
• Take anti-inflammatory pain
medications.
Ankle and Foot Injuries
• Frequently injured by twisting
• Stretches or tears ligaments
• Most ankle injuries are sprains that
involve the outside ligaments.
Recognizing Foot and Ankle Injuries
(1 of 2)
• Two-part test to determine whether an Xray is needed:
• Press along the bones.
• Pain and tenderness may indicate a
broken bone.
• Have the victim try to stand on it.
• Ability to take four or more steps is most
likely a sprain.
• Inability to walk on it may indicate a break.
Recognizing Foot and Ankle Injuries
(2 of 2)
• If injured ankle cannot tolerate hopping on
opposite foot, suspect a fracture.
• Swelling
• One sided indicates a sprain.
• Both sided indicates a fracture.
Care for Foot and Ankle Injuries
• Take shoes off.
• Use RICE procedures.
Aftercare of an Ankle Injury (1 of 2)
• Use the RICE treatment for 24 to 48 hours.
• Use a contrast bath if swelling persists.
• Begin range-of-motion exercises once initial
swelling has decreased.
• Begin gentle exercises.
Aftercare of an Ankle Injury (2 of 2)
• Within 7 to 14 days, if pain and swelling
have stopped, begin to stretch and
strengthen the calf and ankle.
• Brace or tape healed ankle.
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
(NSAIDs)
Toe Injuries
• Include:
•
•
•
•
Torn-off nails
Hematoma formation under the nails
Dislocations
Fractures
Recognizing Toe Injuries
• Pain and swelling
• Deformity
Care for Toe Injuries
• Treat the same as a finger injury.