Thigh, Hip and Pelvis
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Transcript Thigh, Hip and Pelvis
Thigh, Hip and Pelvis
Joints are rarely injured in sport
Soft tissue is commonly injured
Bony Structure
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Femur
Pelvis
Sacrum and Coccyx
Pelvis
Iliac Crest
ASIS and PSIS
Ischial tuberosity
Innominate Bone- Consist of:
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Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
Hip Joint
Ball and Socket Joint
Head of the femur- Convex
Acetabulum of the pelvis- Concave
Highly Stable from a bony perspective; several very
strong ligaments that aid in keeping the head of femur
in the acetabulum
Bursae
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Iliopsoas bursa
Deep trochanteric bursa
Nerves and Blood Supply
Nerve supply
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Lumbar plexus (L1 – L4) - forms the femoral nerve
Sacral Plexus (L4 – S4) – forms the sciatic nerve
Blood supply
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Femoral artery
Muscles and Movements
Hip flexion
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Normal ROM
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80 degrees knee straight
120 degrees knee bent bent
Iliacus and psoas major (major flexors)- both form the
illiopsoas- knee bent
Rectus femoris (function when knee is extended and with
kicking the ball)
Sartorius
Hip Extension
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Normal ROM 10 – 20 degrees
Hamstrings, gluteus maximus
Muscles and Movements (2)
Abduction
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Normal ROM
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45 degrees
Gluteus medius
Adduction
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Normal ROM
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30 degrees
Adductor magnus, longus, brevis, and gracilis
Muscles and Movements (3)
Internal Rotation or Medial Rotation
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Normal ROM
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45 degrees
Glueteus Minimus and Tensor Fascia Latae
External Rotation or Lateral Rotation
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Normal ROM
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45 degrees
6 deep external rotators- piriformis
Quadriceps Contusions
MOI: direct blow
HOPS
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Pain, swelling and ecchymosis
Walk with a limp
Palpable hematoma, with heat
Tx
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Ice in stretched position, crutches if needed, wrap,
See field strategy 10.2 (pg. 352), refer for x-ray
Myositis Ossificans
Accumulation of mineral deposits (bone) in muscle
tissue
MOI: Single severe blow, repeated blows to muscle,
mismanagement of contusion
HOPS
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Firm swollen area in muscle
Palpable mass
Limited knee flexion
Active contraction of muscle difficult
Tx
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Refer to physician (surgery may be needed)
Hip Pointer
Contusion caused by direct compression to the iliac
crest
MOI: Direct blow
Hops
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Pn with rotation, trunk flexion
Ecchymosis, pain, swelling,
Point tender over illiac crest
TX
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RICE, refer for x-ray, donut pad and hard outer shell, to protect
Bursitis
Most common = trochanteric bursitis
MOI: overuse
HOPS:
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Deep achy pain in lateral thigh
Pn with resisted abduction
TX
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Heat, stretch abductors, Ultrasound
If condition does not resolve: refer to physician
Hip Sprains/ Dislocations
MOI: violent twisting/ severe trauma; rare in
sports
HOPS: S/S with degree and type
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Intense pain,
Inability to walk or move hip
Hip flexed and internally rotated – Fig 10-12
TX
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Symptomatic with mild to moderate sprains
Medical emergency, summon EMS, check distal
neurovascular status; treat for shock
Muscle Strains
Hamstring strains more probable than
Quadriceps strains; Adductor strains are more
common than Abductor
Hamstring Strains are most common
Precursors
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muscle imbalances, tight muscles, improper warmup, overuse, fatigue, dynamic overload
Muscle Strains (2)
HOPS-In isolated region in question
– “twinge” or “pull”
– Weakness on RROM testing
– Limping; Ecchymosis
– Pop is heard when severe; Palpable defect
– Pain with passive stretch, and resistive motion
– Treatment- Hip Flexor or Hip Adductor Wrap; RICE,
E-Stim, Strengthening/Stretching, NSAID’s;
crutches if necessary
Muscle Strength Testing
5 (normal) full strength against resistance
4 (good) partial strength against resistance
3 (fair) ability to move the body part no
resistance
2 (poor) able to contract muscle
1 (trace) no evidence of contractility
Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease
Avascular necrosis (decreased blood supply to the
head of femur) of the proximal femoral epiphysis-Fig
10-13
Precursors: young males 3-8 years old
HOPS:
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Gradual onset of pain in hip/groin or knee with no explanation
Gradual onset of a limp;
Decreased range of motion in the hip- AB, EX, ER
TX: refer to physician if unexplained hip, thigh or knee
pain last for more than a week.
Avulsion Fractures (1)
Precursors:
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Individuals who perform rapid acceleration/
deceleration
Locations:
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ASIS: Sartorius
AIIS: Rectus Femoris
Ischial tuberosity: hamstrings
Avulsion Fractures (2)
HOPS
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Sudden acute localized pain
Pain, swelling, discoloration over area
Pain with resisted stretching of the involved muscle
TX
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Hip Spica Wrap if able
Fit for crutches
Refer to physician
Slipped Femoral Epiphysis
Epiphyseal/ Growth Plate fracture- Fig 10-15
Precursor: Adolescent boys ages 8 – 15, obese
or slender rapidly growing boys
HOPS:
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Painful limp
Pain in the groin, anterior thigh or knee
Unable to internally rotate femur
Unable to stand on injured leg
TX: Refer to physician, surgery
Stress Fractures
Precursor: Box 10-3
Common locations
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HOPS
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Pubis
Femoral neck
Proximal 1/3 of femur
Aching pain in groin or thigh during WB
Pn relieved by rest
Night pain
TX: Refer to physician
RROM testing
Hip Flexion
Hip Extension
Hip Abduction
Hip Adduction
Hip Internal Rotation
Hip External Rotation
Knee Extension
Knee flexion
Measuring for Leg Length
ASIS
Medial Malleolus
Patient Position:
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Lying on table, pelvis square and balanced
Legs parallel
Heels approximately 6-8 inches apart
Special Tests
Thomas Test = Hip flexion contractures
Kendall Test = Hip flexion contractures (Rectus
Femoris)
Straight Leg Raise=Disc Lesions or tight
hamstrings
Pelvic Rock Test=Pelvic Fracture/SI Joint
Sprain
Trendelenburg’s Test
Specialized Rehab
SLR’s- all 4 planes
Quad Sets/Glute Sets/Ham Sets
Stretching
Strengthening
Electrical Stimulation, US, Massage