Transcript Bone & joint injuries

First Aid
Bone, Joint and Muscle
Injuries
Splinting the Extremities
Fractures
*Fracture v.
Broken?
*2 categories of
fx:
*Closed : Simple
Open: Compound
Fractures
Closed :
Simple
*Skin is intact.
*No wound
near the
fracture
Fractures
Open:
Compound
*Skin is damaged
or broken.
*Bone may
protrude through
skin
HIGH RISK FOR…..
INFECTION!!
Fractures: What to Look For
*May be difficult to
tell if bone is
fractured
*When in doubt, tx
as fx
*Use DOTS
Fractures: DOTS
Deformity
Not always obvious.
Compare
Open wound
Tenderness
Swelling
Fractures: Additional S&S
Loss of Use May or may not
occur
Grating
Sensation
Can be felt or heard
when ends of bones rub
together
Hx of injury
Victim may have heard or
felt bone snap
Fractures: What To Do
*Check and treat
ABCs
*Tx for shock
*Gently remove
clothing covering
injured site
*LAF
Fractures: What To Do
LAF:
Look
And
Feel
Look at injured site.
Swelling? Brusiing?
Damaged skin?
Gently press, feel for
deformity, tenderness
Fractures: What To Do
Check circulation,
nerves:
*Arm: Radial pulse
*Leg: Post tib pulse
*Sensation: squeeze fingers,
toes
*Movement: Wiggle fingers,
toes
Fractures: What To Do
*RICE
Rest
Ice
Injuries heal faster with rest.
For 20 - 30 minutes q 2 - 3 hours
for first 24 - 48 hours
Compress
Elevate
With Ace bandage.
Wrap toward the heart
After stabilized
RICE: Do Not
*Apply ice for
more than 2030 minutes at a
time
*Apply heat until
after 48 - 72
hours.
Fractures: What To Do
Stabilize with splint
Stabilize: limit
movement
 Reduces pain
Prevents damage to
muscles, nerves and
blood vessels
 Reduces bleeding
and swelling

Types of Splints
Improvised
Folded newspaper,
piece of wood,
another body part
Commercially
prepared
Splints
*Stabilize before
moving
*Splint in position
found
*Cover wounds
before applying
splint
Splints
*Check pulses, if
no pulse: try to
straighten
extremity to
restore blood
flow.
*Stabilize above
and below injury
Splints
*Use cravats if
possible
*Tie firmly but not
too tight
*Check pulse after
each cravat is tied
*Leave fingers or
toes exposed
Splints
*RICE after
splint is applied
*SMA
immediately if
no pulse in
injured
extremity
Joint Injuries: Dislocation
*Joint comes
apart.
*Bone ends no
longer in
contact
*S&S similar to
fx
Joint Injuries: Dislocation
What To Do:
Check circulation,
sensation,
movement
RICE
Splint
Do not try to reduce
SMA for reduction
Joint Injuries: Sprain
Injury to joint
ligaments
Violent
stretching or
twisting
SS similar to
fx
What to Do:
RICE
Muscle Injuries: Strain
Muscle pull
Muscle
stretched
beyond
normal
ROM
Muscle Injuries: Strain
Sharp pain
Tenderness
Indentation or bump
that can be felt or
seen
Weakness or loss of
function of injured part
Stiffness and pain with
movement
What to
Do:
RICE
Contusions
Bruises
Swelling,
Pain
Tenderness
Black and
blue marks
What to Do:
RICE
Cramps
Muscle in
uncontrolled
spasm.
Severe pain
Cramps: What To Do
Have victim gently stretch
muscle
or
Relax muscle by applying
pressure to it or
Apply Ice
or
Pinch upper lip hard (accupressure)
or
Drink commercial sports drink
Cramps: Do Not
Give salt tablets
Massage or rub
affected muscle
(causes more
pain and does
not relieve
cramping)
Blood Under Nail
Painful
Ice
Elevate
Relieve pressure
Apply dressing to
absorb blood and
protect nail
Relieve Pressure:
Use paper clip
Heat with lighter
Press against nail
until it melts thru
Very little pressure
is needed
Ring Strangulation
Lubricate finger with grease, oil,
butter
Immerse finger in cold water or
apply ice
Wind thread around finger toward
ring
Have ring cut off
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DrDROoJAF
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