Transcript First Aid
First Aid Chapter 10 & 11 Bone, Joint and Muscle Injuries Splinting the Extremities Fractures Fracture and broken bone are the same. 2 categories of fx: Closed : Simple Open: Compound Fractures Closed : Simple Skin is intact. No wound near the fracture Fractures Open: Compound Skin is damaged or broken. Bone may protrude through skin Fractures: What to Look For May be difficult to tell if bone is fractured When in doubt, tx as fx Use DOTS Fractures: DOTS Deformity Not always obvious. Compare Open wound Tenderness Swelling Fractures: Additional S&S Loss of Use May or may not occur Grating Sensation Can be felt or heard when ends of bones rub together Hx of injury Victim may have heard or felt bone snap Fractures: What To Do Check and treat ABCs Tx for shock Gently remove clothing covering injured site LAF Fractures: What To Do LAF: Look And Feel Look at injured site. Swelling? Brusiing? Damaged skin? Gently press, feel for deformity, tenderness Fractures: What To Do Check circulation, nerves: Arm: Radial pulse Leg: Post tib pulse Sensation: squeeze fingers, toes Movement: Wiggle fingers, toes Fractures: What To Do RICE Rest Ice Injuries heal faster with rest. For 20 - 30 minutes q 2 - 3 hours for first 24 - 48 hours Compress Elevate With Ace bandage. Wrap toward the heart After stabilized RICE: Do Not Apply ice for more than 2030 minutes at a time Apply heat until after 48 - 72 hours. Fractures: What To Do Stabilize with splint Stabilize: limit movement Reduces pain Prevents damage to muscles,nerves and blood vessels Reduces bleeding and swelling Types of Splints Improvised Folded newspaper, piece of wood, another body part Commercially prepared Splints Stabilize before moving Splint in position found Cover wounds before applying splint Splints Check pulses, if no pulse: try to straighten extremity to restore blood flow. Stabilize above and below injury Splints Use cravats if possible Tie firmly but not too tight Check pulse after each cravat is tied Leave fingers or toes exposed Splints RICE after splint is applied SMA immediately if no pulse in injured extremity Joint Injuries: Dislocation Joint comes apart. Bone ends no longer in contact S&S similar to fx Joint Injuries: Dislocation What To Do: Check circulation, sensation, movement RICE Splint Do not try to reduce SMA for reduction Joint Injuries: Sprain Injury to joint ligaments Violent stretching or twisting SS similar to fx What to Do: RICE Muscle Injuries: Strain Muscle pull Muscle stretched beyond normal ROM Muscle Injuries: Strain Sharp pain Tenderness Indentation or bump that can be felt or seen Weakness or loss of function of injured part Stiffness and pain with movement What to Do: RICE Contusions Bruises Swelling, Pain Tenderness Black and blue marks What to Do: RICE Cramps Muscle in uncontrolled spasm. Severe pain Cramps: What To Do Have victim gently stretch muscle or Relax muscle by applying pressure to it or Apply Ice or Pinch upper lip hard (accupressure) or Drink commercial sports drink Cramps: Do Not Give salt tablets Massage or rub affected muscle (causes more pain and does not relieve cramping) Blood Under Nail Painful Ice Elevate Relieve pressure Apply dressing to absorb blood and protect nail Relieve Pressure: Use paper clip Heat with lighter Press against nail until it melts thru Very little pressure is needed Ring Strangulation Lubricate finger with grease, oil, butter Immerse finger in cold water or apply ice Wind thread around finger toward ring Have ring cut off Insert finger into partially blown up balloon for about 15 minutes Learning Activities 10 Fractures 1. For a suspected fx, check blood flow and nerves. Yes Learning Activities 10 Fractures 2. Apply cold on a suspected fx. Yes Learning Activities 10 Fractures 3. A splint can stabilize a fx. Yes Learning Activities 10 Scenerio: falls off 10 foot ladder. Pain in left leg. Find deformity, tenderness, swelling. What to do? Check and tx ABCs Tx for shock Check blood flow and nerves Splint, RICE Learning Activities 10 Dislocation and Sprains 1. RICE represents tx for sprains and dislocations. Yes Learning Activities 10 Dislocation and Sprains 2. Place ice directly on skin. No Learning Activities 10 Dislocation and Sprains 3. Appling heat too soon to an injury is a common mistake. Yes Learning Activities 10 Dislocation and Sprains 4. An ACE bandage, when used correctly can help control swelling. Yes Learning Activities 10 Scenario: Limping and in pain. Twisted ankle. What to do? RICE Learning Activities 10 Muscle Injuries 1. Give salt tablets for cramps. No Learning Activities 10 Muscle Injuries 2. Apply heat initially to muscle injury. No Learning Activities 10 Muscle Injuries 3. An elastic bandage, if used correctly, can help limit swelling. Yes Learning Activities 10 Scenario: Bat hits player on thigh. Tenderness and swelling. What to do? RICE First Aid Kits Item Quantity Cravats 3 Ace bandage 1 Paper clip 1 String 1 (dental floss or thread)