Transcript Muscular System, part 2

Warm-Up
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Jennifer is on the tennis team and is experiencing pain
when she serves. She went to the doctor and was
diagnosed with lateral epicondylitis after performing
several tests.
Read about lateral epicondylitis on p. 73 in your textbook.
On a sheet of paper answer the following:
First, using terms that a doctor would understand, describe
this location and condition to another healthcare provider.
Then, using terms that Jennifer would understand, describe
this location and condition to Jennifer.
Word List
My/o
oblique
Fasci/o
–lysis
Ten/o
-plegia –
Kinesi/o –
rectus –
Ton/o –
tansverse –
Sphincter –
-cele –
-trophy
fibr/o
MUSCULAR SYSTEM,
PART 2
Disorders of the Muscular System
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Tendonitis (tendin/o + -itis)
 Inflammation
of the tendon caused by
excessive or repetitive use of a joint.
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Myalgia (my/o + -algia)
 Muscle
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tenderness or pain
Myorrhexis (my/o + -rrhexis)
 Rupture
of the muscle
Disorders of the Muscular System
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Dystaxia (dys- + tax/o + ia)
 Difficulty
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controlling voluntary movement
Contracture
 Abnormal
shortening of the muscle
tissue making the muscles resistant to stretching
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Spasm (cramp)
 Sudden,
involuntary contraction of a muscle or a
group of muscles
Disorders of the Muscular System
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Bradykinesia (brady + kinesi/o + ia)
 Extreme
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slowness in movement
Myasthenia Gravis
 Chronic
autoimmune disease where there is
difficulty in the neuromuscular function causing
episodes of extreme muscle weakness. Frequently
affects the muscles that control eye movements,
eyelids, chewing, swallowing, coughing and facial
expression.
 What kind of problems could the patient have??
Disorders of the Muscular System
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Muscular Dystrophy (dys + trophy)
 Group
of disorders that cause muscle weakness
without affecting the nervous system.
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Duchenne’s Muscular Dystrophy
 Form
of muscular dystrophy that appears from 2-6
yrs of age and progresses slowly. Survival beyond
late twenties is rare.
Disorders of the Muscular System
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Fibromyalgia (fibr/o + my/o + -algia)
 Chronic
disorder of unknown cause. Causes
widespread aching pain, tender points, and fatigue.
This syndrome does not cause joint
deformity, is not a progressive illness,
and is not crippling.
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Tender points
 Abnormal
areas of soreness. Usually in predictable
locations at the base of the neck, along the spine,
in front of the hip and elbow and behind the knee
and shoulder.
Disorders of the Muscular System
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Rotator Cuff tendinitis
 Inflammation
of the tendons of the rotator cuff. The
condition is often named for the cause (tennis
shoulder, pitcher’s shoulder). See figure 4.12, p.
72
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Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
 Occurs
when the tendons passing through the
carpal tunnel are chronically overused and become
inflamed and swollen. Swelling creates pressure
on the nerve as it passes through the tunnel,
causing pain, burning, and tingling in the fingers
and hand. See figure 4.13, p. 73
Disorders of the Muscular System
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Sprain
 Injury
to a joint (ex. - ankle, knee, wrist).
Frequently involves a stretched or torn ligament.
 Ligaments attach bone to bone.
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Strain
 Injury
to the body of a muscle or the attachment of
a tendon. Usually associated with overuse
injuries.
 Tendons attach muscle to bone.
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Shin Splint
 Pain
caused by muscle tearing away from the tibia.
Usually caused by repeated stress to the lower leg.
Disorders of the Muscular System
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Paralysis
 Loss
of sensation and voluntary muscle movement
due to disease or injury.
 Damage can be temporary or permanent.
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Paraplegia
 Paralysis
of both legs and the lower part of the
body. Spinal cord injury is below cervical vertebra
Disorders of the Muscular System
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Quadriplegia (quadr/i + -plegia)
 Paralysis
of all four extremities.
Spinal cord injury involves the
cervical vertebra.
Above C5, respiration is affected.
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Hemiplegia (hemi + -plegia)
 Total
paralysis on one side of the body. Usually
associated with stroke or brain injury.
 Damage to one side of brain causes paralysis on
the opposite side of the body.
Diagnostic Procedures
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Electromyography (electro- + my/o + graphy)
 Records
the strength of the muscle contractions as
a result of electrical stimulation
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Deep Tendon Reflexes
 Reflexes
are tested with a reflex hammer to strike
the tendon.
 No response or an abnormal response may
indicate a disruption of the nerve supply to the
involved muscles.
Treatments / Procedures
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Medications
 Anti-inflammatory
medications (Advil, Motrin) are
commonly used to relieve pain and reduce
inflammation muscular problems.
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Physical Therapy
 May
be used to restore function through the use
of exercise, heat, massage, etc… to improve
circulation, flexibility and muscle strength.
Career Opportunities
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Physical Therapist
 Provide
treatments to improve mobility and
prevent or limit permanent disability; can
subspecialize in sports medicine, pediatrics,
geriatrics, etc…
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Massage Therapist
 Therapeutic
touch to provide pain
relief and encourage healing.
Career Opportunities
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Occupational Therapist
 Treats
people with mental, physical,
developmental and emotional disabilities helping
them to develop or maintain daily living skills.
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Athletic Trainer
 Work
to prevent and treat athletic
injuries and provide rehabilitative services by
massage, corrective exercises, diet supervision,
and equipment fittings.
Class Activity
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Using your textbook (p. 67-68), draw a line to the muscle on the
diagram and then properly label the following muscles:
1)
2)
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7)
Sternocleidomastoid
Pectoralis major
External oblique
Rectus abdominis
Flexor carpi
Vastus lateralis
Rectus femoris
8) Occipitalis
9) Trapezius
10) Extensors
11) Gluteus medius
12) Achilles tendon
13) Triceps brachii
14) Soleus