Transcript Document 445548

First Aid
Day V Objectives
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The student will be able to assess and respond to an Eye Injury
The student will be able to assess and respond to Nose Injuries
The student will be able to assess and respond to Dental Injuries
The student will be able to assess and respond to an Chest,
Abdominal, and Pelvic Injuries
The student will be able to assess and respond to an Bone, Joint
, and Muscle Injury
The student will be able to understand and apply the basic
concepts of Splinting
The student will be able to assess and respond to Cramping
The student will be able to define and apply the R.I.C.E principle
SOLs: 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.3c, 9.3d, 9.3e, 9.4a, 9.4b, 9.5a, 9.5c,9.5d,
9.5e
Eye Injuries (COPY)
• Assess:
– Open or Closed
• Impaled object
• Blows to the eye
• Foreign bodies
• Respond
– Stabilize objects impaled in eye cavity and loosely
cover open wounds
– Cool area: apply ice to closed wounds
– Monitor and Care: flush chemicals from eyes with
warm water
Nose Injuries
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(COPY)
Assess
– Bleeding from one or both nostrils
– Bleeding into the back of the mouth and down throat
– Deformity
Respond
– Control bleeding: seat victim and tilt head slightly forward
– Pinch nostrils together or let drain
– Apply ice over the nose
Dental Injuries (COPY)
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Assess
– Bleeding gums
– Missing or broken teeth
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Respond
– Control bleeding
• Rinse mouth and place rolled gauze in mouth
– Monitor and Care
• Replace missing tooth in socket, or
• Keep tooth moist (in milk)
• Transport tooth and victim to dental professional
CHEST, ABDOMINAL, AND
PELVIC INJURIES
• Overview: Can be life-threatening
because they may involve damage to
crucial organs or areas of the body
– Sucking chest wound
– Broken ribs
– Blows to the abdomen
– Protruding organs
– Pelvic injuries
Assess: Sucking Chest Wounds
(COPY)
• Puncture into chest cavity
• Air passes in and out of cavity
Respond: Sucking Chest Wound
(COPY)
• Victim should take a breath and let it out
• 1. Activate EMS
• 2. Bandage and Protect
– Seal wound with plastic leaving 1 corner open
• 3. Monitor and Care: If breathing doesn’t improve
– Remove plastic cover to let air escape
– Reapply plastic cover
Broken Ribs
(COPY)
• Assess
– Pain upon pressure or when the victim
breathes, coughs, or moves
– Bruising around injury
• Respond
– Stabilize injury with a pillow or other soft
object
– Help victim rest
– Activate EMS
Blows to the Abdomen
(COPY)
• Assess: With fingertips
– Pain, tenderness, muscle tightness
– Bruising or bleeding
• Respond
– Place victim in a comfortable, resting position
– Monitor symptoms
– Seek advanced care if necessary
Protruding Organs
(COPY)
• Life-threatening
• Do NOT attempt to re-insert organs
• Position on back with the knees bent and
raised
• Do NOT give food or drink
Assess : Protruding Organs
(COPY)
• Organs visible through an open wound
Respond
• 1. Call EMS
• 2. Bandage and Support: gently cover exposed organs
with moist, sterile dressings
• 3. Monitor and Care
– Responsiveness
– A, B, C’s
– Shock
Pelvic Injuries
• Assess
– Pain upon gentle pressure.
• Don’t apply pressure if already in pain
• Respond
– Call EMS
• Don’t move victim
– Stabilize injury by preventing the victim from
moving
BONE, JOINT, AND MUSCLE INJURY
(COPY)
• Overview: Most frequent type of injuries
– Bone Fracture
– Sprains
– Strains
Bones, Joints and Muscles
• Skeletal and muscular system give body
shape and provide form and stability
• Bone and muscle connect to form
interdependent segments to give the body
movement capabilities
Bone Injuries
• Closed (simple)
– No open wounds around the injury
• Open (compound)
– Show damaged or broken skin
(COPY)
Assess: Bone Injuries
(COPY)
• Pain
• D-O-T-S (deformity, open wounds,
tenderness, swelling)
• May feel or hear grating or popping sound
• Inability to use injured part
• Bone visible from an open wound
• Cause of injury may provide clues
Respond: Bone Injuries
(COPY)
• Control bleeding if it is an open fracture
• Stabilize the injury to prevent from moving
– If transporting, splint injury without adjusting
position of the injury
• Seek medical attention for diagnosis and
treatment
Splinting
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(COPY)
Check CSM’s before and after splinting
– Splint should include joint or bone above or below
– Use blankets, boards, and bandages, or an uninjured body part
– Triangular bandage for sling
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Types of splints
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Soft
Anatomical
Rigid
Sling
CSM’s
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Circulation
Sensation
Movement
Skin Signs
Joint and Muscle Injury
(COPY)
• Overexertion or impact to the body
– Strain: muscles or tendons are stretched or torn
– Sprain: ligaments are stretched or torn
Assess: Joint and Muscle Injury (COPY)
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Bruising and swelling
Loss of function
Numbness or loss of feeling
Dislocation: joint separates and stays
apart with the bone ends no longer in
contact
Respond: Joint and Muscle Injury
(COPY)
• Cool (R.I.C.E)
– Apply ice for 20 minutes, every 2-3 hours for
the first 24 hours, then heat
– Stabilize injury: wrap with elastic bandage,
or splint, if necessary
– Monitor and care: elevate injured part above
level of heart for first 24 hours when possible
Muscle Cramps
(COPY)
• A muscle; spasms and contracts
uncontrollably
Assess: Muscle Cramp
• Sharp pain
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Tenderness
Muscle tightness
Restricted movement
Victim grabbing muscle
(COPY)
Respond: Muscle Cramp
(COPY)
• Monitor and Care (RICE)
– Gently stretch the affected area
– Apply pressure
– Apply ice
– Drink lightly salted cool water or sports drink
– Pinch the upper lip hard to reduce calf muscle
cramping
R.I.C.E
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Rest victim
Ice injured part
Compress injury
Elevate injury
(COPY)
Bell Ringer #5
Complex Break
Scenario #5
• Adam is walking through the woods and trips over a tree
root sticking out of the ground. He immediately begins
screaming for help because his shin bone is poking
through the skin, and he is bleeding profusely. What can
you do to help Adam?
• Please describe your actions. What steps would you
take to ensure Adam’s safety?