Transcript Basic First Aid - Mayflower High School

Basic First Aid
D of E Award – Mayflower High
Common Injuries
There are 2 types of common injuries:
1. Acute Injury = this is a sudden injury
generally caused by impact / contact and usually
affects the bones and joints. For example a
fracture / sprain.
2. Chronic Injury = this is sometimes called
overuse injury and is generally a long term
injury caused by overuse and usually affects
the soft tissues. For example tennis elbow /
strain.
Bone & Joint Injuries
Bone Injuries =
Fractures: simple / closed & open / compound,
Treatment: dial 999 & do not move casualty.
Joint Injuries =
Dislocation: bone is pulled out of position at a joint by
twisting, Treatment: dial 999 & do not move casualty.
Sprain: ligament at a joint gets stretched and torn by
twisting, Treatment: use icepack and consult doctor.
Torn Cartilage: 2 pads of cartilage torn as a result of
twisting, Treatment: use icepack and consult doctor.
Injuries To Soft Tissues
Muscle Injury =
Tennis / Golfers Elbow: the elbow becomes inflamed &
tender due to overuse, Treatment: rest /
physiotherapy.
Strain / Pull: a tear in the muscle or tendon due to over
stretching, Treatment: rest / consult doctor.
Skin Injury
Cuts: the skin and blood vessels get damaged,
Treatment: bandage / plaster.
Bruises: the blood vessels under the skin are damaged,
Treatment: icepack & rest.
Injuries & Treatment
Injury
Cause
Symptoms
Treatment
Simple Fracture
Sudden Impact
/Heavy Blow
Deformed limb,
pain, felt snap
Dial 999, do not
move casualty
Compound
Fracture
Sudden Impact
/ Heavy Blow
Deformed limb,
pain, felt snap
Dial 999, do not
move casualty
Chronic Injury
Overuse
Discomfort,
swelling & aching
Rest and seek
treatment
Dislocation
Violent Twisting
Pain, deformed
limb, swelling
Dial 999, do not
move casualty
Bruise
Impact on Skin
Skin goes blue,
black & yellow
Icepack / rest
Injuries & Treatment
Injury
Cause
Symptoms
Treatment
Cut
Contact with
sharp object
Blood flows out
of body
Bandage /
plaster
Blister
Friction between
skin & surface
Water filled
swelling
Rest & plaster /
covering
Strain
Violent over
stretching of
muscle
Sharp pain,
stiffness.
Icepack &
consult doctor
Sprain
Violent over
stretching of
muscle
Swelling &
bruising
Icepack &
consult doctor
Torn Cartilage
Violent twisting
of cartilage
Pain and locked
joint
Icepack &
consult doctor
Hypothermia
This is caused by exposure to
cold for a long period of time.
This could be caused by wind,
water, or low temperatures.
Because of this our internal body
temperature becomes extremely
low.
Hypothermia
Signs
•Shivering
•Pale Skin
•Cold
•Dry Skin
•Lacking Energy
•Losing Consciousness
•Slow Breathing
•Shallow Breathing
•Slow Weakened Pulse
Treatment
•Insulate with extra clothing and
cover the head.
•Move them to a sheltered place.
•Protect them from the ground
whether.
•Use a survival blanket.
•Send for help.
•Check DRABC.
•If conscious give hot drink
Dehydration
Water is the main component of cells and blood.
About 66% of an adults weight is water and
approximately 80% is a child's. The more active
you are the more water you lose if you loose too
much water you become dehydrated.
We lose water in 2 main ways:
Through perspiration (sweat)
Through breathing (water vapour)
D.R.A.B.C.
Sports person collapses and appears unconscious.
D = DANGER: am I in danger?, are they in danger?
R = RESPONSE: send for medical help, check for a
response, shake & shout?
A = AIRWAY: check airway, clear airway, recovery
position.
B = BREATHING: check breathing, start mouth to
mouth ventilation (MMV) if not breathing.
C = CIRCULATION: check pulse, start
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) if no pulse,
Recovery Position
This is the safest position for an
unconscious breathing person. The
head is tilted so that the tongue
can not block the throat and the
person can not choke on their own
vomit. A person could be left like
this while you went for help.
Recovery Position
Instructions:
1.With the casualty lying in their back, tilt the head
back and chin up to open airway.
2. Straighten legs.
3. Move arm nearest you so that it looks like the arm
of a policeman stopping traffic.
4. Bring other arm across chest. Arrange so that the
casualty’s cheek rests on the back of this hand.
5. With other hand reach across casualty’s far leg.
Lift so that knee bends to a right angle. Then pull and
roll towards you.
6. Once on their side gently tilt the head back to keep
airway open.
R.I.C.E. Routine
When bones, joints, ligaments and
tendons get damaged, the blood
vessels around them get damaged too.
The blood leaks in to the surrounding
tissues causing pain, swelling and
bruising. The leaked blood also slows
down healing. This is when we use the
R.I.C.E. routine
R.I.C.E. Routine
R = REST: stop what you are doing
movements keeps blood leaking so stay still.
,
I = ICE: the cold makes the blood vessels
constrict and this reduces pain and bleeding.
C = COMPRESSION: this will reduce bleeding,
the bandage should be tight but not too tight.
E = ELEVATION: this reduces the blood flow
to the injured area due to gravity