Transcript Exercise Science - Dixie State University

Exercise Science
Chapter 1
Human Anatomy
Anatomy
5 Major Anatomical Systems





Skeletal System
Muscular System
Nervous System
Cardiovascular System
Respiratory System
Skeletal System
Basic Functions





Protection
Support
Framework (levers)
Production of RBC
Storage (minerals)
Skeletal System


Types of skeletons
Axial Skeleton
Appendicular Skeleton

206 bones total
Skeletal System

Axial Skeleton –
column, ribs & sternum
skull, hyoid bone, vertebral
Skeletal System
Axial Skeleton cont…
Vertebral Column-

Cervical (7)
Thoracic (12)
Lumbar (5)
Sacrum (5 fused)

Coccyx (2-4)



Skeletal System
Appendicular Skeleton
(appendages)


Levers
Mobility
Skeletal System
Appendicular Skeleton
Skeletal System
Wolfs Law –
a bone is capable of adjusting it’s strength in
proportion to the amount of stress (or lack of stress) placed on it

Factors that Affect Bone Density




Diet
Genetics
Activity
Bone Density Theory – bone density “CAN” increase until about
age 35 years. Then depending on the above factor it will begin to
decrease
Skeletal System
Bones to Know













Skull
Scapula
Clavicle
Sternum
Ribs
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Pelvis
Femur
Tibia
Fibula
Vertebral Column
Cervical (7)
Thoracic (12)
Lumbar (5)
Sacrum (5 fused)
Coccyx (2 to 4)
Muscular System
Basic Functions



Protection
Locomotion
Force Production
Types of Muscle Tissue



Smooth or Visceral
Cardiac
Skeletal (for our class this is what we will be referring to in all our discussions)
Muscular System
Properties of Skeletal Muscle
Contraction

Contract – Shorten (concentric)

Relax – Lengthen (eccentric)

All or Nothing

Motor Units – certain # of muscle fibers and the
specific motor neuron that connects w/ them
Muscular System
Vocabulary





Agonist
Antagonist
Prime Mover
Synergist
Stabilizers
Muscular System
Vocabulary

















Flexion
Extension
Plantar Flexion
Dorsi Flexion
Inversion – medial
Eversion – lateral
Abduction
Adduction
Circumduction
Internal Rotation
External Rotation
Supination
Pronation
Elevation
Depression
Horizontal Flexion
Horizontal Extension
Cont…
Muscular System
Muscles to Know








Pectoralis Major
Pectoralis Minor
Deltoid
Rotator Cuff
 Subscapularis
 Supraspinatus
 Infraspinatus
 Teres Minor
Biceps Brachii
Brachialis
Brachioradialis
Triceps
Muscular System
Muscular System
Muscles to Know Cont…

Abdominals
 External Obliques
 Internal Obliques
 Rectus Abdominis
 Transverse Abdominis
 Erector Spinae
 Latissimus Dorsi
 Trapezius
 Gluteal
 Iliopsoas
 Quadriceps
 Hamstrings
 Tibialis Anterior
 Soleus
 Gastrocnemius
Nervous System
Basic Functions
Control Center
 Communication
 All Major Body Functions (heart, breathing, etc…)
 Personality
 Critical Thinking
 Motor Control
 Motor Coordination
 Etc…

Nervous System

Central Nervous System



Brain
Spinal Cord
Peripheral Nervous System


Sensory Neurons (information in)
Motor Neurons (information out)
Nervous System
Motor Units –
certain # of skeletal muscle fibers and
the motor neuron that innervates (connects) with them

Motor Units can have vary # of muscle fibers connect with it’s
correlating motor neuron

This is how we can produce varying force production

Muscle Fiber Types


Slow Twitch – lower # of Muscle Fibers per motor neuron
Fast Twitch – higher # of Muscle Fibers per motor neuron
Cardiovascular System



Basic Functions
Uptake & Delivery Oxygen
Uptake & Delivery Nutrients
Uptake & Removal of Wastes
Cardiovascular System



Components
Heart (pump)
Vessels (pathways)
Blood (Transporter)
Cardiovascular System
Blood Flow Through the
Heart
• Superior Vena Cava &
Inferior Vena
Cava
• Right Atrium
• Right Atrioventricular
Valve (Tricuspid)
• Right Ventricle
• Pulmonary Semilunar
Valve
• Pulmonary Trunk –
Pulmonary Arteries
Cardiovascular System
Blood Flow Through
the Heart Cont…

Pulmonary Veins

Left Atrium

Left Atrioventricular Valve
(Bicuspid, Mitral)

Left Ventricle

Aortic Semilunar Valve

Aorta

Body
Cardiovascular System
Cardiovascular
Vessels





Arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries
Venules
Veins
(transitional vessels)
Cardiovascular System
Arteries/Arterioles



Rigid
Smooth Muscle
Carries Blood Away from the Heart
Cardiovascular System
Veins/Venules



Collapsible
Valves
Carries Blood Towards the Heart
Cardiovascular System
Capillaries




Small
Transitional Vessels
Drop off O2 & Nutrients
Pick up CO2 & Wastes
Cardiovascular System




Blood
Transporter of oxygen, nutrients & wastes
Stays inside the vessels
Women approx 4 to 5 Liters
Men approx 5 to 6 Liters
Cardiovascular System
Cardiac Cycle


Systole – work, ventricular contraction, blood exits
heart
Diastole – rest, atrial contraction, no blood exits heart
Blood Pressure


Systolic Pressure – pressure in the appendage arteries
during ventricular contraction
Diastolic Pressure - pressure in the appendage arteries
during atrial contraction
Respiratory System
Basic Functions

All Gas exchange in the body

Intake of O2

Expel CO2
Respiratory System
Components of the Respiratory System

Nose

Mouth

Trachea

Bronchi

Lungs
Respiratory System
3 Types of Respiration

External Respiration:
the process of getting O2
from outside into the body
Respiratory System
3 Types of Respiration
Cont…

Internal Respiration:
the process of
transitioning O2 from the
lungs to the blood
Respiratory System
3 Types of Respiration
Cont…
Cellular Respiration: the
process of getting O2 from
the blood to the working
muscles
Anatomy
Homework Assignment


Detailed Picture of Each of the 5 Systems
3 Web addresses of web sites (for each system) that discuss each
system