Transcript Document

PENGANTAR ANATOMI
VETERINER
SYNDESMOLOGY, MYOLOGY
ANGIOLOGY, SPLANCHNOLOGY
SUTURE
suture: connection between bones by fibrous
tissue.
a. suture serrata : interrupted margin bones.
exp : interfrontal joint
b. suture squamosa : overlapping margin of the
bones. exp: between pars squamosa temporal
with ossa parietal.
c. suture plana (=harmonia): bone margin flat
or a little bid rough. exp: suture internasal
Sutured serrata
Sutura plana
SYNDESMOSIS


Connected by white fibrous tissue or elastic
tissue or mix both tissue.
exp: between ossa metacarpal.
fixing between cartilago costae.
fusion radius-ulna and tibia-fibula by
fibrous tissue.
SYNDESMOSIS
GOMPHOSIS


Implantation of the teeth in the alveoli.
Gomphosis is not really joints because teeth is not
parts of the bone.
Ligament periodontal
PERSENDIAN
CARTILAGENOUS
Parts of the bone is cartilage form connected by
fibrocartilago and hyalin cartilage or both
combination.
 The movement depend on their joint surface and their
medium elasticity.
 example:
1. synchondrosis (cartilage hyalin joimt)
2. symphysis (fibrocartilagenous joint)

symphysis
synchondrosis
SYNOVIAL JOINT
 Previosly
term as diarthrosis that
have characteristic such as joint
cavity with has synovial membrane in
the capsule synovial and their
mobility.
 Term as moveable joints or true
articulation.
SYARAT PERS
SYNOVIAL
1. Joint surface (facies articularis):
usually smooth and has several form.
Made by compact bone which different
from usual compact in general
histologically. In several case their surface
has fossa synovial.
2. Cartilage joint:
usually hyalin cartilage bone.
3. Capsula articularis :is a simple tube
form which the tip attach to surrounding
facies articularis.
consist of 2 layers :
- outer layer: fibrous layer =capsula
ligament. The thickness has variation.
- inner layer: synovial / membrane.
produce synovia (liquid) for lubricant the
joints.
4. Cavum articulare :
covered by synovial
membrane and cartilago
articulare. Usually contain
enough synovial liquid for
lubricant the joint.
Articulare cavity :
Fibrous layer
Synovial liquid
cavum articulare
(dark color)
artikulare capsul
Cartilago artikularis
Facies
articularis
5. Ligamentum :
is a strong ribbon like or membrane, generally
compose of white fibrous tissue, which fixing
the bone; moveable but not elastic.
Ligamentum
6. Disci or menisci articularis :
is a cartilago fibrousa plate or compact fibrousa
tissue which place between cartilage articulares,
and divide joint cavity partially or whole part into
2 separated room.
this discus give joint surface become fit each other
make the movement more extended and more
variation. Reduce bumping between bones hardly.
disci or menisci articulares
7. Labrum glenoidale :
is a fibro-cartilage ring which circle margin joint
cavity. It make the cavity extended and to avoid
fracture margin of the bone joint.
BLOOD VESSELS & NERVE



Artery make anastomose around big joint
and make several branch for joint capsula.
Membrane synovial have rete capillary which
make loop surround cartilage joint margin,
but it is not go into the cavity.
Venae make plexus.
Has more nerve fibers near and inside and
surrounding synovial membrane.
BLOOD VESSEL & NERVE
MOVEMENT OF THE
JOINT
1. GLIDING: movement on the flat surface;
example: joint between proc articularis
vert. cervicalis.
2. ELBOW JOINT : movement surrounding
one or several bones axis.
- flexio : make the joint angle smaller.
- extensio : make the joint angle bigger.
flexio
extensio
3. CIRCUMDUCTION (pers peluru):
in the shoulder and leg.
4. ROTATION: rotate of the segmen on axis
longitudinal another segmen which make joint.
examp: atlanto-axialis joint.
ACCESSORIUS STRUKTURE
Connexted ot the muscles is synovial
membrane and fascia.
A. synovial membrane :is a thin sac,
same as synovial membrane joint and
have the same function.
there are 2 types:
1. bursa synovialis : simple sac which
connected on the point that has high
pressure between tendon or muscle and
structure below them, usually on the
elevated bone.

2. vagina synovialis tendinis : its different
from the bursa, compose of wrapping sac
which cover the tendon make the two
layers can be differented., inner layer
attach to the tendon but outer layer line
the canal where the tendon is.
both layers which covers the tendon term
as mesotendon.
B. fascia : is a connective tissue layer,
compose of several bundel white fibers
which more or less mixing with elastis
fibers.
Consist of 2 layers that can be
differentiated :
fascia superficialis.
fascia profunda.
FASCIA SUPERFICIALIS

Is a subcutaneous layer compose of
loose connective tissue which generally
contain more or less fat.
FASCIA PROFUNDA



Compose of one or more compact fibrous
tissue layer. .
Inner layer may be attach to the
structure below them, but in most part
its attach to the skeleton , ligaments,
tendon.
In several place it make layers from the
inner surface fascia, passing through
between muscles and attach to the bone
or lig, term as septa intermuscularia


Sulcus where the tendon inside change to be
a canal by a ribbon or fascia layer term as
vaginal or annular ligament ( lig. vaginale)
Bursae that can be see in several part
between fascia and struktur below them
term as : bursae subfacial, moreover
between fascia and skin term as: bursae
subcutaneous.
Bursa synovialis tendinis
Bursa
synovial
tendon
retinaculum
tendon
bone
mesotendon
bone
MYOLOGY
 Is
a science which study of
muscles and their accesory
structure.
 Musculus (m) or musculi (mm)
have specificity that can make
contraction when it get
stimulus (impuls).
MIOLOGI
MUSCLE IDENTIFICATION, according to :
-
-
Muscle Name
Form and their position
Origo and Insertio
Characteristic Movement
Structure
Connection of the muscle with
surrounding area
Vascularisation and Innervation
MUSCLE
DISCRIPTON
ACCORDING TO:
1. name: basically can be several
consideration such as:
action, form, position, direction.: m.
flexor carpi radialis.
2. form: can be several form(triangular,
long (longus) or circle (m.sphincter,
orbicularis).
3. attachment: usually on the bone,
sometimes on cartilage,lig, fascia or skin.
4. action: according to phisiology action
(m.extensor atau flexor)
5. structure : include muscle fibers
direction, exp: triceps, digastricus.
in the long muscle panjang on the leg,
origo term as caput, if fusiform
structure the wider part of the muscle
term as venter.
-unipennatus: muscle fibers oblique.
-bipennatus : muscle fibers has 2
direction like feather.
-multipennatus: several fibers direction.
 6.
connection : its has corelation
with topografi anatomy (
m.intercostalis).
 7. blood supply & nerve: its
important in clinical basic,
nerves important in determining
homology
insertio : place for attaching muscle
which far from median plane of the
body or the direction to distal,
synonym punctum mobile.
 origo : attaching place for muscle
which near median plane of the body
or the direction to dorsal, synonym
punctum fixum.
 tendo : is a ribbon like compose of
compact white fibrous tissue for
attaching the muscle to the bone.
 Aponeurosa :wide fibrousa layer
which has same function as tendo.

MUSCLE FIBERS FORM
Paralel
fibers
fusiformis
unipennatus
bipennatus
multipennatus
TRACTUS URO-GENITALIA


Sistema Uropoetica:
Ren, Ureter, Vesica Urinaria,Urethra
Sistema Genitalia:
1. Masculina, : Testes, Scrotum, Epididymis, urethra dan penis serta bbrp
kljr pendukung.
2. Feminina, : Ovarium, tuba fallopii
oviduct, uterus, cervic, vagina, vulva
and several supporting glands.
NEUROLOGY


Science which study central nerve
system and periphery
Compose of: Encephalon, Medulla
Spinalis, Neuron, gangglion, nerve
branch central and Periphery,
simphatic and parasimpati nerves,
reflex and coordination in the body.