Transcript CHAPTER 7

CHAPTER 7
FOR LIFE
THE OLD FOOD GUIDE PYRAMID
THE NEW FOOD GUIDE PYRAMID
One Size Does Not Fit All!
USDA created 12 pyramids for
_______________________, from 1,000 to
3,200.
 Calorie levels are based on:
– Gender
– ____________
– ____________

4
Anatomy of MyPyramid
_____________
Represented by the
steps and the
person climbing
them.
5
SIX CLASSES OF NUTRIENTS
 ________________
 FATS
 ________________
 VITAMINS
 ________________
 WATER
CHAPTER 7.1 KEY TERMS
_________________- THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND
THE WAYS IN WHICH THE BODY USES IT
NUTRIENTS- A SUBSTANCE IN FOOD THAT PROVIDES
ENERGY OR HELPS FORM BODY TISSUES AND THAT IS
NECESSARY FOR _______________________.
_________________- A CLASS OF ENERGY-GIVING
NUTRIENTS THAT INCLUDES SUGARS, STARCHES, AND
FIBER.
FATS- A CLASS OF ENERGY-GIVING NUTRIENTS; ALSO
THE MAIN SOURCE OF ________________ IN THE BODY
PROTEINS- A CLASS OF NUTRIENTS THAT ARE MADE
UP OF AMINO ACIDS, WHICH ARE NEEDED TO ________
____________________________________ AND TO
REGULATE PROCESSES IN THE BODY.
CHAPTER 7.2 KEY TERMS
VITAMIN- CLASS OF NUTRIENTS THAT
CONTAIN CARBON & ARE NEEDED IN SMALL
AMOUNTS TO __________________________
____________________________.
 MINERAL- CLASS OF NUTRIENT THAT ARE
CHEMICAL ELEMENTS THAT ARE NEEDED FOR
CERTAIN BODY PROCESSES, SUCH AS _______
______________________________________.
 _______________________- STATE OF
NOT HAVING ENOUGH OF A NUTRIENT TO
MAINTAIN GOOD HEALTH

FIBER

KEEPS INTESTINES
HEALTHY, _________
__________________
__________________
__________________
& HEART DISEASE
FATS

_________________
– ANIMAL
 MEAT, MILK, BUTTER, &
ICE CREAM

________________”GOOD FAT”
– PLANT
 OLIVE, CANOLA,
PEANUT, CORN,
SUNFLOWER, &
SOYBEAN OIL
CHOLESTEROL

_________________________________
– MEAT, FISH, POULTRY, EGGS, & DAIRY
PRODUCTS
PROTEIN

__________________
– ANIMAL
 MEAT, EGGS & DAIRY
PRODUCTS

_________________
– PLANT
 GRAINS, VEGETABLES
*AMINO ACIDS
SODIUM



____________ PER DAY
PROCESSED FOODSBAKED GOODS, SNACK
FOODS, CANNED GOODS,
& __________________.
INCREASES BLOOD
PRESSURE
– ______________________
______________________
CALCIUM
__________________
 NONDAIRY SOURCES
OF CALCIUM

– GREEN LEAFY
VEGETABLESSPINACH, BROCCOLI
– CALCIUM-FORTIFIED
FOODS-BREAD,
CEREAL, OJ
IRON
ANEMIA- FEEL TIRED & WEAK BECAUSE
THERE ARE _______________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
 ___________________ - GOOD SOURCE
OF IRON

WATER






ONLY LIVE FOR A FEW DAYS
WITHOUT WATER
________ OF YOUR BODY IS
WATER
_____ GLASSES A DAY
______________ OF THE
WEIGHT OF MOST FRUITS &
VEGETABLES IS WATER
HELPS GET RID OF WASTES
FROM THE BODY
________________________
________________________
CARBOHYDRATES

_______________________ (STARCHES)
– POTATOES, BEANS, PEAS, GRAINS (RICE,
CORN, & WHEAT), PASTA, CEREALS
 digestion of complex carbohydrates
takes longer. The slow absorption of
sugars provides us with a steady
supply of energy and limits the
amount of sugar converted into fat
and stored!

_________________________ (SUGARS)
- CANDY, CAKES, DESSERTS, MILK, HONEY,
JUICES, AND FRUIT
 Their rapid absorption increases the
chances of sugar converting to fat
GLYCOGEN
_________________
_________________
 HITTING THE
WALL

CHAPTER 7.3 KEY TERMS
RECOMMENDED DIETARY ALLOWANCES (RDA’S)RECOMMENDED NUTRIENT INTAKES THAT WILL MEET
THE NEEDS OF ALMOST ALL HEALTHY PEOPLE
 __________________ (DV)- RECOMMENDED DAILY
AMOUNT OF A NUTRIENT; USED ON FOOD LABELS TO
HELP PEOPLE SEE HOW A FOOD FITS INTO THEIR DIET
 FOOD GUIDE PYRAMID- TOOL FOR CHOOSING A
HEALTHY DIET BY SELECTING A __________________
_____________________________________________.
 _______________________________________- SET OF
DIET AND LIFESTYLE RECOMMENDATIONS DEVELOPED
TO IMPROVE HEALTH AND REDUCE NUTRITIONRELATED DISEASE RISK IN THE U.S. POPULATION

NUTRITION LABELS
INGREDIENT LIST- LISTED ____________
____________________________________
 http://www.youngwomenshealth.org/imag
es2/nutrition-facts-label-rev_3.gif

APPROXIMATE CALORIE INTAKES

15 YEAR OLD MALES:
________________

15 YEAR OLD FEMALES:
_______________
CHAPTER 7.4 KEY TERMS

_____________________- MEASURE OF
THE NUTRIENTS IN A FOOD COMPARED
WITH THE ENERGY THE FOOD PROVIDES
– EMPTY CALORIES

VEGETARIAN- DIETARY PATTERN THAT
________________________________
________________________________
NUTRITION STARTING YOUNG


________________SOFT FOODS SUCH AS
CEREALS, PUREED
FRUITS & VEGETABLES
_______________FOLLOW THE
RECOMMENDATIONS OF
THE FOOD GUIDE
PYRAMID BUT CHOOSE
SMALLER SERVINGS
Physical Activity Recommendations
for Middle and High Schoolers

___________ /day
– Most activities
should be
moderate- or
vigorous-intensity
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Moderate physical activities

__________ briskly
(about 3½ mph)

Hiking

_____________

___________ (less
than 10 mph)

Weight training
(general light
workout)
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Vigorous physical activities

____________/jogging (5 mph)

Bicycling (more than 10 mph)

____________ (freestyle laps)

Aerobics

Walking very fast (4½ mph)

______________ (competitive)
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ATHLETES SPECIAL DIETARY
NEEDS
HIGH IN _______________
 PLENTY OF ____________
RECOMMENDED FLUID
INTAKE FOR ATHLETES
 2 HOURS BEFORE
ACTIVITY- 2 CUPS
 IMMEDIATELY BEFORE
ACTIVITY- 2 CUPS
 EVERY 15 MINUTES
DURING ACTIVITY- 1 CUP
 ***AFTER ACTIVITY- ____
_______________________
_______________________

EATING WELL DURING
PREGNANCY

_____________
ADDITIONAL
CALORIES EACH
DAY
HOW MUCH SUGAR IS IN A CAN
OF SODA???
VEGANS



DO NOT EAT ANY
_____________________
LOWER RISK OF
_____________________
_____________________
____________________,
& CERTAIN TYPES OF
CANCER
MAY BE LACKING IN
PROTEIN & CALCIUM
CHAPTER 8.1 KEY TERMS





HUNGER- BODY’S _________________________ TO
THE NEED FOR FOOD
APPETITE- ________________, RATHER THAN THE
NEED, TO EAT CERTAIN FOODS
________________________________- MINIMUM
AMOUNT OF ENERGY REQUIRED TO KEEP THE BODY
ALIVE WHEN IN A RESTED & FASTING STATE
_________________- BEING HEAVY FOR ONE’S HEIGHT
OBESITY- HAVING EXCESS BODY FAT FOR ONE’S
WEIGHT; THE STATE OF _________________________
______________________________________________
WHAT INFLUENCES YOUR FOOD
CHOICES???

ADS
EXCESS
________
GLYCOGEN
EXCESS
FAT
BODY FAT
EXCESS
__________
___________________

AMOUNT OF FOOD
ENERGY TAKEN IN
IS EQUAL TO THE
AMOUNT OF
ENERGY YOU USE.
BEING OVERWEIGHT CAN CAUSE
MANY HEALTH PROBLEMS
__________________
___________________
 CERTAIN FORMS OF
CANCER, INCLUDING
PROSTATE, COLON, &
BREAST CANCER
 ____________________
 SLEEPING PROBLEMS
SUCH AS SLEEP APNEA

OVERWEIGHT AMERICA
http://www.ronjones.org/Weblinks/childobes
ity.html
CHAPTER 8.2 KEY TERMS





HEREDITY- PASSING DOWN OF ___________________
TO THEIR BIOLOGICAL CHILDREN
BODY COMPOSITION- PROPORTION OF BODY WEIGHT
THAT IS MADE UP OF ___________________________
_____________________________________________
__________________________ (BMI)- INDEX OF
WEIGHT IN RELATION TO HEIGHT THAT IS USED TO
ASSESS HEALTHY BODY WEIGHT
WEIGHT MANAGEMENT- PROGRAM OF SENSIBLE
EATING AND EXERCISE HABITS THAT KEEP WEIGHT AT
A HEALTHY LEVEL
FAD DIET- DIET THAT REQUIRES A MAJOR CHANGE IN
EATING HABITS AND ____________________________
BODY MASS INDEX (BMI)
BMI= _____________
__________________
__________________
__________________
 205 / 72 / 72 X 703 =
27.8

Healthy Weight: Assessing Your Weight: Body
Mass Index (BMI) | DNPAO | CDC
DANGEROUS WEIGHT LOSS
PRACTICES
FAD DIETS
 __________________
 __________________

TYPES OF DIETS & DIET
PRODUCTS
__________________________________
 LIQUID FORMULAS
 ________________________
 FASTING
 ____________________________

Eating
Disorders
8.3 KEY TERMS





_________________________ - HOW YOU SEE AND FEEL ABOUT
YOUR APPEARANCE AND HOW COMFORTABLE YOU ARE WITH
YOUR BODY
_______________________________- EATING DISORDER THAT
INVOLVES SELF-STARVATION, A DISTORTED BODY IMAGE AND
LOW BODY WEIGHT
_______________________________- EATING DISORDER IN
WHICH THE INDIVIDUAL REPEATEDLY EATS LARGE AMOUNTS OF
FOOD & THEN USES BEHAVIORS SUCH AS VOMITING OR USING
LAXATIVES TO RID THE BODY OF FOOD
_______________________________- EATING A LARGE AMOUNT
OF FOOD IN ONE SITTING USUALLY ACCOMPANIED BY A FEELING
OF BEING OUT OF CONTROL
___________________________- ENGAGING IN BEHAVIORS SUCH
AS VOMITING OR MISUSING LAXATIVES TO RID THE BODY OF
FOOD
What are eating disorders?

Conditions that
involve an unhealthy
degree of concern
about body weight &
shape & that may
lead to efforts to
__________________
__________________
_________________.
3 types of eating disorders
____________________
 Anorexia nervosa
 _____________________

Bulimia nervosa: the dietbinge-purge disorder
Person binge eats.
___________________________ while eating.
 ____________________________, exercises, or
fasts to get rid of the calories.
 Diets when not bingeing. Becomes hungry and
binges again.
 Preoccupation with body weight.
 Blood shot eyes & sore throat
 ______________________
 Depression & mood swings
 Weight may be normal or near normal unless
anorexia is also present.


Anorexia nervosa: the
relentless pursuit of thinness
Intense fear of weight gain
_______________________
_______________________
Preferring to eat alone
Preoccupied with _______________
Extreme weight loss
Loss of menstrual periods for at least 3
months
 ____________________________
 Depression & anxiety
 Weakness & exhaustion







Binge eating disorder:
________________________________
 Bingeing episodes accompanied by
feelings of guilt, shame, & loss of control

Treatments for eating disorders
___________________ counseling
 __________________ counseling
 Medical counseling
 Family counseling

Dangers of eating disorders










Hair loss
Dental problems
Broken blood vessels in the face & eyes
Dry, scaly skin
_____________________________
Loss of menstrual period in females
___________________________________
Heart irregularity
__________________________
Death
What sports are eating disorders
most common in???
Athletes and Eating Disorders




Athletes tend to be highly competitive, highachieving, and self-disciplined, which can
lead to the development of an eating disorder
when these qualities are taken to the
extreme
Athletes in sports emphasizing appearance
and a lean body are at higher risk than those
in sports requiring muscle mass and bulk
Female athletes at a higher risk due to social
pressures and naturally higher percentages of
body fat than men
Transition from wanting to lose weight and
get fit to a loss of control: binging, purging,
starvation, frantic compulsive exercise
Reasons people develop eating
disorders





Influences from society and culture
_________________________________________________
______________________________
– Those with disorders often come from families preoccupied with
image, dieting
– Over 25% of those with anorexia have a relative with an eating
disorder
___________________________________
__________________________________:
– Inheriting tendency to be more likely to overreact to stress
– Serotonin in brain altered by disease and may contribute to
persistence of disorder
Athletes and Eating Disorders

Risks of injury are greater among athletes who
have an eating disorder—for example, ________
________________

“Female athlete triad”
– __________________________
– __________________—stopping of menstrual periods
– ___________________—mild bone loss that can lead
to osteoporosis
Celebrities with eating disorders