Transcript RESPIRATORY DISORDERS

RESPIRATORY DISORDERS
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COMMON COLD
Contagious viral respiratory
infection
Rx – stay in bed, drink warm
liquids and fruit juice, good
nutrition
Also called an Upper
Respiratory Infection (URI)
Handwashing – best
preventative measure
Causes the greatest loss
of work/school hours than
any other disease
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LARYNGITIS
Inflammation of larynx or voice box
Symptoms – sore throat, hoarseness or loss
of voice
Tx. DON’T TALK!!!!!
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SINUSITIS
Infection of sinus cavities
Symptoms – headache/face pain or
pressure, thick nasal discharge or stuffy
nose
Rx – antibiotics
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BRONCHITIS
Inflammation of the bronchial tubes
Produces excessive mucous
May be acute= sudden onset, happens
infrequently
or
Chronic= last a long time, occurs frequently
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Acute bronchitis
characterized by cough, fever
RALES (raspy sound) as air tries to flow over
the mucous
Usually secondary to another problem
i.e. cold
Treat with antibiotics
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Chronic bronchitis –
cigarette smoking is
the most common
cause
Smoking destroys the
cilia and the alveoli
Treatment is aimed at
smoking cessation
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EMPHYSEMA
Alveoli become over-dilated, lose their elasticity,
and eventually rupture
Air becomes trapped, can’t exhale – forced
exhalation required
Reduced exchange of O2 and CO2
Dyspnea increases as disease progresses
Rx – alleviate the symptoms, prevent infections,
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
COPD
 Disease in which the person has both
chronic bronchitis and emphysema
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LUNG CANCER
Found primarily in smokers
Spreads rapidly to other tissues
S/S weight loss, cough
Diagnosis: x-ray and BRONCHOSCOPY
flexible tube passed into bronchi
Rx: surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiation
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TUBERCULOSIS
Infectious bacterial lung disease
Symptoms: cough, low grade fever in the
afternoon, weight loss, night sweats
Diagnosis – TB skin test
RX – antibiotic
Incidence has increased due to AIDS,
immigrants, homelessness
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INFLUENZA (Flu)
Viral infection
Fever, muscular pain, extreme exhaustion
Complications – pneumonia,
Rx – treat the symptoms
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PNEUMONIA
Caused by bacteria or virus
Alveoli fill with mucous
Symptoms – chest pain, fever, chills,
dyspnea
Rx – O2 and antibiotics
Can occur after surgery
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PULMONARY EMBOLISM
Blood clot breaks off and travels to the lung
Occurs after surgery or when a person has
been on bed rest
Symptoms: sudden severe chest pain,
dyspnea
Rx: anticoagulant therapy
Name an anticoagulant???
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ASTHMA
Inflammatory airway obstruction
Caused by allergen or psychological stress
Symptoms: wheezing due to constricted
bronchioles, tightness in chest, dyspnea
Rx: Inhalers with bronchodilator
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SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME
(SIDS)
Crib death
Usually between 2 weeks and 1 year old
Cause: unknown
Rx: sleep monitor, “Back to Sleep” campaign
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EPISTAXIS – nosebleed,
Treat by pinching nostrils,
tilting head forward, cold packs
RHINITIS
Inflammation of nasal mucosa with increased
secretions
“runny nose”
RESPIRATORY DISORDERS
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Scuba Diving and the “BENDS”
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If descent or ascent is too rapid, air pressure can
not equalize
Causes N+ to accumulate in the tissues, especially
the joints
Person experiences excruciating pain or
“BENDS”
Treatment hyperbaric chamber
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